Symptom Profile of Common Colds in School-Aged Children

Pappas, Diane E.; Hendley, J. Owen; Hayden, Frederick G.; Winther, Birgit

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31814847d9

Cited by 103 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There is already a large body of evidence-based practical information that can easily be applied to diagnosis, management and prevention. Table I Comparison of signs and symptoms in adults and children 11,13 Adults Children…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison between the course of URTI in children and adults is shown in Table I. 11,13 Important management points from natural history data are that coughing is extremely common in children and adults and can persist with high frequency until day nine. In contrast, fever is uncommon especially after the first day, and its presence suggests either another cause such as influenza and/or a bacterial complication such as otitis media or sinusitis.…”

Section: Symptoms and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pappas and colleagues conducted a survey in Virginia, USA. 13 Children between five and ten years of age were enrolled and data was collected on 81 cases from the onset of symptoms through day ten. Rhinoviruses were responsible for 37 (almost 50%) of cases.…”

Section: Symptoms and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Cotton

Innes

Jaspan

et al. 2008

South African Family Practice

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Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) occurs commonly in both children and adults and is a major cause of mild morbidity. It has a high cost to society, being responsible for absenteeism from school and work and unnecessary medical care, and is occasionally associated with serious sequelae. URTIs are usually caused by several families of virus; these are the rhinovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza, enterovirus and the recently discovered bocavirus. This review will mainly focus on the rhinovirus, where significant advances have been made in understanding the epidemiology, natural history and relationship with other pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symptoms and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Cotton

Innes

Jaspan

et al. 2008

South African Family Practice

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“…9,10 Symptoms of acute bacterial sinusitis and uncomplicated viral URI overlap considerably, and therefore it is their persistence without improvement that suggests a diagnosis of acute sinusitis. 9,10,13 Such symptoms include nasal discharge (of any quality: thick or thin, serous, mucoid, or purulent) or daytime cough (which may be worse at night) or both. Bad breath, fatigue, headache, and decreased appetite, although common, are not specific indicators of acute sinusitis.…”

Section: Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12] As shown in Fig 2, respiratory symptoms usually peak in severity by days 3 to 6 and then begin to improve; however, resolving symptoms and signs may persist in some patients after day 10. 9,10 Symptoms of acute bacterial sinusitis and uncomplicated viral URI overlap considerably, and therefore it is their persistence without improvement that suggests a diagnosis of acute sinusitis. 9,10,13 Such symptoms include nasal discharge (of any quality: thick or thin, serous, mucoid, or purulent) or daytime cough (which may be worse at night) or both.…”

Section: Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years

Wald,

Applegate,

Bordley

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

435

368

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OBJECTIVE: To update the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline regarding the diagnosis and management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children and adolescents. METHODS: Analysis of the medical literature published since the last version of the guideline (2001). RESULTS: The diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis is made when a child with an acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) presents with (1) persistent illness (nasal discharge [of any quality] or daytime cough or both lasting more than 10 days without improvement), (2) a worsening course (worsening or new onset of nasal discharge, daytime cough, or fever after initial improvement), or (3) severe onset (concurrent fever [temperature ≥39°C/102.2°F] and purulent nasal discharge for at least 3 consecutive days). Clinicians should not obtain imaging studies of any kind to distinguish acute bacterial sinusitis from viral URI, because they do not contribute to the diagnosis; however, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses should be obtained whenever a child is suspected of having orbital or central nervous system complications. The clinician should prescribe antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis in children with severe onset or worsening course. The clinician should either prescribe antibiotic therapy or offer additional observation for 3 days to children with persistent illness. Amoxicillin with or without clavulanate is the first-line treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Clinicians should reassess initial management if there is either a caregiver report of worsening (progression of initial signs/symptoms or appearance of new signs/symptoms) or failure to improve within 72 hours of initial management. If the diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis is confirmed in a child with worsening symptoms or failure to improve, then clinicians may change the antibiotic therapy for the child initially managed with antibiotic or initiate antibiotic treatment of the child initially managed with observation. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in this revision include the addition of a clinical presentation designated as “worsening course,” an option to treat immediately or observe children with persistent symptoms for 3 days before treating, and a review of evidence indicating that imaging is not necessary in children with uncomplicated acute bacterial sinusitis.

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