Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Cotton, Mark F.; Innes, Steve; Jaspan, Heather B.; Madide, A.; Rabie, Helena

doi:10.1080/20786204.2008.10873685

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, these drugs provide only symptomatic relief without any benefit in terms of shortening of duration of illness or reduction in morbidity. 9 Many a times even multiple drugs are prescribed in these cases and such cases of polypharmacy not only impose high cost burden on the patient but also on health services in terms of adverse effects. [12][13][14] Use of antibiotics in cases of URTI is another area of serious concern and such irrational misuse of antibiotics has led to a rise in cases of bacterial resistance and many important antibiotics are slowly and steadily losing their efficacy, threatening to push us back in pre antibiotic era.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] Use of antibiotics in cases of URTI is another area of serious concern and such irrational misuse of antibiotics has led to a rise in cases of bacterial resistance and many important antibiotics are slowly and steadily losing their efficacy, threatening to push us back in pre antibiotic era. 3,4,[8][9][10] Many studies have highlighted the irrational drug prescribing practices in URTI and official bodies including the American academy of paediatrics has recommended for appropriate diagnosis and has laid out clear criteria for use of drug therapy including antibiotics in cases of URTI. 9,10,[12][13][14]16,17 However there is a clear requirement to conduct drug prescribing studies in cases of URTI especially in children so that correct and timely feedback can be offered to all stakeholders and ensure corrective measures if any.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among children aged 1-12 years

Sharma

Agrawal

2016

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: The present study was conducted to study and analyse the drug prescribing pattern in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI's) among patients aged 1-12 years and also to evaluate the rationality of drug use in these cases. Methods: It was a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional type of study done in a tertiary healthcare centre between February 2015 to May 2015. Two hundred (200) prescriptions were collected of the patients attending OPD and diagnosed with URTI in age group of 1-12 years. Prescriptions of URTI patients who were suffering from other co-morbidities were excluded and only one prescription per patient was collected and utilized for the purpose of the study. The data collected was then analysed for various prescribing indicators as laid down by world health organisation (WHO) for analysis of drug use parameters. The parameters that were analysed were the average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed and percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drugs list (EDL). Results: A total of 200 prescriptions were collected during the study period and analysed for various prescribing indicators as laid down by WHO. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.38.The percentage of drugs that were prescribed by generic name was 69.39% while the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list (EDL) was 70.23%. A total of 33% encounters were prescribed antibiotics and there was no encounter in which an injection was prescribed. Use of anti-microbial agents (AMA) was seen in 66 of the 200 prescriptions analysed in the study which is around 33% of the encounters. The combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid was prescribed maximum being given to 40/200 cases followed by amoxicillin (10 cases), azithromycin (7 cases) and ciprofloxacin (4 cases). 12 encounters received Albendazole. The most commonly prescribed drug in the study was paracetamol which was prescribed in 142/200 cases (71%). The second most commonly prescribed group of drugs were the anti-histaminic agents both first generation (diphenhydramine) and also second generation (cetrizine/L-cetrizine). Conclusions:The study reflects the current drug prescribing patterns in patients of URTI among patients aged 1-12 yrs. Regular studies such as this are the need of the hour to study drug prescribing practices so that appropriate feedback and awareness is generated among the health care providers on the various aspects of Rational drug therapy. This will not only help the patients by reducing polypharmacy, reduction in antibiotic resistance & reduction of adverse drug reactions but also help the society at large in ensuring the optimum utilisation of the limited health sources esp in a developing country like India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among children aged 1-12 years

Sharma

Agrawal

2016

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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“…The most common signs & symptoms observed in URTI are coughing and sneezing, congestion, runny nose, low-grade fever, anorexia and myalgia. 2 Most of the time URTIs have a viral origin; sometimes, they may be due to bacterial infection. The major challenge for clinicians, therefore, is to differentiate between viral and bacterial origin of the URTI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescription practice in patients of upper respiratory tract infection at a pediatric outpatient clinic in Punjab

Tiwari¹,

Ahlawat²,

Gupta³

2014

IJOPP

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Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common and frequently occurring infections in the paediatric population. Often, it has a viral origin and requires only symptomatic treatment. Very few patients require antibiotics. The prescriptions of children, diagnosed with URTI, over one year period of time, were studied to assess the utilization of drugs. Of 2981 patients, only 1078 patients were diagnosed to have URTI. This consisted of 598 male & 480 female patients. It was found that URTI was most common in the age group of 12-60 months (51%) followed by 1day-12 months (20%). URTI was found to be affect the patients mostly in winter (35%) followed by autumn (25%). Cough and cold combinations were the most commonly prescribed medicines in URTI (27% of total drugs prescribed) followed by antipyretics (21%), herbal cough and cold medicine (18%), saline nasal drops (15%), bronchodilators (8%), antihistamine (6%) and antibiotics (5%). It was found that 12% of the patients were prescribed an antibiotic. Amongst antibiotics, azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed followed by amoxicillin+clavulanic acid combination (61% and 31%). In this study, children less than 5 years of age were the ones diagnosed with URTI and this was highest during the winter season. Azithromycin was most commonly prescribed antibiotic. The antibiotic usage pattern reflects judicious choice of the prescriber.

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“…Moreover, these drugs provide only symptomatic relief without any benefit in terms of shortening of duration of illness or reduction in morbidity 4 . Use of antibiotics in cases of ARIs is another area of serious concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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Objective: To study prescribing pattern for acute respiratory infections in children attending outpatient department of Paediatrics, J.L.N. Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. Material and Method: The study was carried out retrospectively by analyzing the copies of prescriptions of patients who had visited the O.P.D. of the paediatrics department of J.L.N. Hospital Ajmer. A total of 350 prescriptions having written diagnosis ARI/URTI/common cold were selected for study. Information on demographic profile and treatment were spread over three different age groups (i.e. Neonates: up to one month of age, Infants: 1 month to 1year and Children: 1-14 years). Each prescription then was analyzed as per objectives of study. Results: Male patients were more as compared to females and most of the patients were in the age group of 1-14 years. Antihistaminics were the most frequently prescribed class of drugs (28.52%) followed by antimicrobials (26.35%). Antihistaminics constituted 63.08% of respiratory drugs prescribed. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 86.57% of the prescriptions and Cefpodoxime was the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial agent followed by Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid combination. Of total medicine formulations prescribed, 56.09% were in the form of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) and 33.30% were matching with those listed in WHO model list of essential medicines (EML). Conclusion: There is a scope of improvement in prescribing pattern regarding prescribing of antimicrobial agents, medicines prescribed from essential drug list and usage of fixed dose combinations.

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Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

A study on drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among children aged 1-12 years

A study on drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among children aged 1-12 years

Prescription practice in patients of upper respiratory tract infection at a pediatric outpatient clinic in Punjab

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