Switchable solvent based liquid phase microextraction of palladium coupled with determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Taking a deeper look into the roles of amines in atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Thus, the N , N -dimethyl cyclohexylamine (DMA) hydrophilicity reversely changes by reaction with carbonated water, where the hydrophilic bicarbonate salt of the protonated DMA acts as an extractant for Pd, complexed with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP). 97 The extraction system allows the recuperation of Pd from liquid and solid samples (automotive catalytic converters, roadside dust, seawater and river water) with LODs of around 4.28 μg L −1 and 0.54 μg g −1 , respectively and a high pre-concentration factor of 37.5. 97…”

Nitrogen-containing switchable solvents for separation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives

“…The performances of the four switchable solvents for the separation of benzene/cyclohexane, ethyl acetate/acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate/n-heptane mixtures were optimised using the setup in Fig. 2 by varying (1) the CO 2 injection rate (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mL min À1 ), (2) temperature (25,35,45,55, and 65 C), and (3) solvent amount (4,8,12,16, and 20 mL).…”

“…20 In the past few years, switchable solvent microextraction has been extensively studied. 16,[21][22][23][24][25][26] These ndings indicate that nitrogencontaining switchable solvents can be effectively applied in extraction-based separation.…”

Determination of copper(II) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after its perconcentration by a highly selective and environmentally friendly dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique

“…The advantages of the DLLME method are the simplicity of the operation, a short extraction time, a low volume of the organic solvent, a high enhancement factor, low-cost apparatus, and a green method because of the minimizing of consumption of harmful solvents (Özzeybek et al 2017;Khalilian and Rezaee 2016;Jalbani and Soylak 2015;Reclo et al 2017;Bahadir et al 2018;Pouyan et al 2016). The most significant advantage of these methods is that almost all of the total volume of the extraction phase can be introduced into the detection system, while only a limited volume of the extraction solvent is introduced in the conventional preconcentration and extraction methods (Yilmaz and Soylak 2016).…”