A new, simple, rapid, selective, and environmentally friendly method is proposed for the determination of Cu(II) ions based on the formation of the complex between these ions and salophen as the ligand followed by the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of the neutral hydrophobic complex formed in the organic phase and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric detection. Various factors including the pH of the sample solution, concentration of salophen as the complexing reagent, type and volume of the extraction and disperser solvents, and extraction time affecting the extraction efficiency of Cu(II) ions and its subsequent analytical signal were studied and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit (3σ) and the enrichment factor were obtained to be 0.60 μg L −1 and 49, respectively, for 10.0 mL of the sample solution. The consumptive index was 0.20 mL and the calibration graph was linear in the range of 3.0-120 μg L −1. The relative standard deviations for six replicate measurements of 5.0, 20.0, and 50.0 μg L −1 of Cu(II) ions were 4.1%, 1.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. The proposed method was also successfully applied for the extraction and determination of Cu(II) ions in different water and food samples with satisfactory results.
Naturally existing biological materials have been garning considerable attention as environmentally benign green-nanofactories for the fabrication of diverse nanomaterials, and with desired size and shape distributions. In the present investigation, we report the size and shape controllable biofabrication of silver nanocrystallites using the growth extract of the fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Influence of various factors such as growth medium; radiation, in the form of sun light; and seeding duration on the production of silver nanoparticles using aqueous 1 mm silver nitrate solution under ambient conditions is presented. Our results demonstrate that these factors can significantly influence the production, size and shape transformation, and the rate of nanoparticles formation. Multiple characterization techniques involving UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the production, surface and structural characteristics, purity and crystalline nature of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Our biogenic synthesis process provides a simple, ecologically friendly, cost-effective synthesis route, and most importantly the ability to have control over the size and shape distributions that lends itself for various biomedical and opto-electronic applications.
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