Swift iodine ion modification of the structural and magnetotransport properties of Fe/Cr systems

Current Progress of Magnetoresistance Sensors

“…Breakthroughs are expected to improve the performance and reduce the manufacturing cost of devices with built-in MR units, which overcome existing challenges and benefit the future application of MR sensors. The low magnitude of AMR outputs (∆R/R 0 < 2.5%) Difficult to reduce the size and hard for miniaturization [8,9] Multilayer systems based on GMR and TMR GMR/TMR multilayer systems exhibit high sensitivity for low magnetic fields GMR/TMR multilayer systems can be integrated with the electronic circuit easily Multilayer structures require complicated fabrication processes and specific equipment due to the strict limitations of layer thickness (increasing cost on equipment and extending the fabrication process lead to expensive products) GMR/TMR multilayer systems exhibit limited resistance variation range (working range, especially for TMR) and relatively low MR at room temperature (mostly for GMR) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][65][66][67] Granular MR systems Granular MR systems bring simplified fabrication procedures and reduced investments in instruments Relatively large MR at room temperature can be achieved by some specifical designed granular MR systems Magnetic field ≥ 50 kOe is the prerequisite to achieve large MR at ambient temperature (relatively small resistance change for low magnetic fields at room temperature) Some granular MR systems require extremely low temperatures for large MR Although granular MR systems can reduce the complexity of the fabrication process, the dependence on specific fabrication techniques (such as magnetron sputtering) remains [23][24][25][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] Layered graphene MR systems Layered graphene MR systems exhibit large MR value and potential to be applied on fabricating next-generation spintronics based on layered graphene Most layered graphene MR systems require extremely low temperatures to achieve large MR Special designed substrates/circuits are required Precise control of layer number and positions is challenging Special fabrication techniques are required for preparing layered graphene, which further increases the production costs and the complexity [30]…”

“…Accurate control of the layer thickness is crucial for the MR values. Various preparation processes have been involved in the construction of multilayer systems including electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering, cathodic arc deposition, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. These techniques provide precise control on the layer thickness and layer repetitions.…”