Sustained swimming enhances white muscle capillarisation and growth by hyperplasia in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

Moya, A.; Torrella, Joan Ramón; Fernández-Borràs, Jaume; Rizo‐Roca, David; Millán-Cubillo, A.; Vélez, Emilio J.; Arcas, Antoni; Gutiérrez, Joaquím; Blasco, Josefina

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.062

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similar to fingerlings, this percentage was high in comparison with an earlier study that reported 9% for seabream juveniles of ~90 g at the start, exercised at 1.5 BL s −1 for 1 month at 20°C and a photoregime of 12L:12D ( Ibarz et al, 2011 ). Moya et al (2019) recently showed that hyperplasia was responsible for exercise-enhanced muscle growth in fingerlings. Ibarz et al (2011) showed that exercise-enhanced growth in juvenile seabream originated from muscle hypertrophy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently, the mechanical load of exercise at this speed is too high for a developing juvenile. Exercise induces both muscle hyperplasia ( Moya et al, 2019 ) and bone formation and mineralization ( Suniaga et al, 2018 ), but myogenesis may occur at higher rate than skeletogenesis in relation to the exercise load. Vertebral lordosis also occurred in European seabass in response to water current ( Divanach et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides exercise effects on growth and stress coping, body changes occur as training adaptation reflecting a more aerobic phenotype. A more hydrodynamic and leaner body shape ( Koumoundouros et al, 2009 ) with less body cavity volume available for tissues ( Palstra et al, 2020 ), a larger heart with higher pumping capacity and cardiac output ( Farrell, 1991 ; Farrell et al, 2007 , 2009 ), changes in plasma levels of fuels for muscle contraction ( Magnoni et al, 2013 ), and increased muscle angiogenesis ( Palstra et al, 2014 ; Moya et al, 2019 ) can be expected. The mechanical load on the skeleton that exercise brings changes developmental prioritization ( Fiaz et al, 2012 ) and leads to more skeletal mass ( Totland et al, 2011 ; Suniaga et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Effects of Water Flow Induced Swimming Exercise in Seabream Sparus aurata

et al. 2020

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A longer on-land rearing period of Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata before transfer to sea-cages would allow the farmer to benefit from exercise-enhanced growth, resilience, and robustness as induced by increasing water flow in the tanks. In this study, the physiological effects of flow-conditioning were investigated by subjecting large groups of experimental fish to minimal flow or to flow regimes inducing swimming exercise at 1 or 2 body length (BL) s−1 for a period of 8 months (February–October) in 1,500 L tanks. Fish representing the three treatment groups were then used for: (1) a stress challenge netting test and plasma cortisol measurement (baseline, peaking, and recovery levels), (2) blood plasma measurements of glucose, triglycerides, lactate, cholesterol, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and (3) heart and muscle gene expression of the GH and IGF1 receptors and the muscle transcriptome by deep RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Fish size after 8 months of flow conditioning was 92 ± 27 g body weight (BW) for fish under minimal flow, 106 ± 24 g BW (+15%) at 1 BL s−1, and 125 ± 27 g BW (+36%) at 2 BL s−1. Flow conditioning at 1 BL s−1 provided optimal conditions for growth and uniformity, but also stress (lowest baseline plasma cortisol), robustness (higher condition factor and larger hearts), and energy mobilization (increased plasma glucose). Although flow enhanced growth linearly with swimming speed, also the percentage of lordotic fish increased with exercise, particularly high for swimming at 2 BL s−1. The absence of important differences in plasma GH and IGF1, and expression levels of their receptors in heart and white skeletal muscle, indicated that other factors may be involved in growth enhancement. RNAseq of the white skeletal muscle showed upregulated expression of genes involved in muscle contraction, muscle development and its molecular regulation, and immune genes that may play a role in the muscle repair mechanism. An exercise regime of swimming at 1 BL s−1 can be considered as optimal for farming robust seabream although the increase of skeletal deformities should be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Effects of Water Flow Induced Swimming Exercise in Seabream Sparus aurata

et al. 2020

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“…It has been well documented that swimming exercise can stimulate fibre hyperplasia (increase in muscle fibre numbers) and hypertrophy (increase in muscle fibre size; Harimana et al, 2018;Martin & Johnston, 2006;Weatherley et al, 1988), accompanied by some changes in individual muscles. Interestingly, exercise-induced fibre recruitment occurs throughout most of the life circle of the fish (Harimana et al, 2018;Li, 2013), for example in early larval and juvenile stages (Moya et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effec Ts Of Swimming E Xercis E On His Tolog Ic Al Char Ac Teris Tic S Of Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, white muscle provides energy especially for explosive swimming (Gibb & Dickson, 2002;Videler, 2011). In addition, pink muscles are present in some fish (e.g., cyprinidae fish), located between red and white muscles, with moderate aerobic capacity and contraction speed (Davison & Goldspink, 1984;Goolish, 1989;Moya et al, 2019).…”

Section: Fibre-type Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming exercise as potential measure to improve flesh quality of cultivable fish: A review

2021

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Swimming performance is viewed as a vital characteristic determining survival in many fish in the natural environment. However, a growing number of studies show that swimming exercise of cultivable fish has been associated with improved flesh quality, to which consumers are paying increasing attention. It includes a variety of aspects with both biological and edible layers. In the current situation, aquaculture in flowing water as an effective and feasible alternative for flesh quality improvement has a promising prospect. The goal of this review is to highlight key studies that have contributed to the influence of swimming exercise on fish growth performance, fibretype composition, nutritional value and muscular sensory properties, and tries to reveal the underlying mechanisms of flesh quality improvements. In addition, the issues that need to be highly valued in the application of flowing water to aquatic production practices are pointed out.

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Continuous flow stimulation had no significant effect on the growth rate but was conducive to the swimming performance, spontaneous behavior, and nonspecific immune parameter of juvenile Percocypris pingi

Li,

Huang,

Deng

et al. 2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Flow stimulation before release into the wild may contribute to improved survivability of farmed fish. However, the effects of flow stimulation on the survival rate of fish depend on the fish species and exercise regime, such as exercise type, duration, and intensity. In this study, juvenile Percocypris pingi swam for 18 h per day for 8 weeks under different water speeds, 3 cm s−1 (control) and 1, 2, and 4 body lengths (bl) s−1, at 20°C. Then, parameters related to the growth rate, swimming capacity, spontaneous activity, and immune function were measured. We found that (1) continuous flow stimulation had no significant influence on the growth but was conducive to the increase in the relative carcass mass; (2) continuous flow stimulation at 2 or 4 bl s−1 enhanced the aerobic swimming capacity (Ucrit), which may be due to an increase in anaerobic exercise capacity (endurance time) rather than to changes in maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope; (3) continuous flow stimulation at 4 bl s−1 led to a significant increase in spontaneous activity, which was mainly due to the higher percent time spent moving as compared with the controls; and (4) continuous flow stimulation at 2 bl s−1 may contribute to improving the nonspecific immune parameter (lysozyme activity) in juvenile P. pingi. Our findings suggest that continuous flow stimulation at 2 or 4 bl s−1 for 18 h per day for 56 days at 20°C before release in wild may be a suitable training regime for improving the survival rate of cultured juvenile P. pingi.

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Sustained swimming enhances white muscle capillarisation and growth by hyperplasia in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Physiological Effects of Water Flow Induced Swimming Exercise in Seabream Sparus aurata

Physiological Effects of Water Flow Induced Swimming Exercise in Seabream Sparus aurata

Swimming exercise as potential measure to improve flesh quality of cultivable fish: A review

Continuous flow stimulation had no significant effect on the growth rate but was conducive to the swimming performance, spontaneous behavior, and nonspecific immune parameter of juvenile Percocypris pingi

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