Sustainable valorization of algae biomass via thermochemical processing route: An overview

Ayub, Hafiz Muhammad Uzair; Ahmed, Ashfaq; Lam, Su Shiung; Lee, Jechan; Show, Pau Loke; Park, Young-Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126399

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Since the data process is assumed to a Markov process, the "expected cost" function OðY − ZÞ and its expected value function Q + ðY, Z5Þ only depend on ξu rather than the entire time period. When ξ is a special case of stage independence, the conditional expectation in (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) can be replaced by the corresponding unconditional expectation, and the corresponding expectation function Ot + 1ðvzÞÞ does not depend on random input data sequence.…”

Section: Model Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to adjust the country’s energy structure, reduce environmental pressure, and enhance the sustainable development capacity of society and economy, it is of great significance to accelerate the in-depth research and technological innovation of renewable energy, and it also has an important ability to assess the country’s comprehensive national strength and scientific and technological development level [16]. However, in the process of renewable energy development and investment, there are many uncertainties [17]. First of all, in terms of incentive mechanism, considering that renewable energy has greater technical risks, governments around the world have introduced policy incentive systems including laws and economics to encourage renewable energy investment entities [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment and Analysis of Biomass Energy Engineering Project Management under the Concept of Sustainable Development

Gao

2022

Adsorption Science & Technology

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Energy is the foundation of national economic and social development. With the rapid development of the global economy, energy shortage has become an urgent problem for countries to solve, and it has gradually become a bottleneck restricting Chinese current and future development. The ecological environment pollution is caused by the development and utilization of traditional energy. The problem is getting worse. How to develop and utilize clean energy while improving the environment and reducing pollution has become one of the important issues that countries need to solve urgently. Biomass energy (referred to as biomass energy) is widely distributed, renewable, and easy-to-use green energy, and its effective development and utilization is of great strategic significance for driving the development of emerging energy industries, preventing global warming, and promoting the establishment of a circular society. Therefore, it is of great scientific, economic, and social significance to develop and utilize biomass energy efficiently, relieve the pressure of energy demand, improve the environment of the ecosystem, and ensure regional economic development. For this reason, this paper designs energy complementation and bidirectional coupling between gas-electric systems, highly nonlinear operation characteristics of gas network components, gas network pipeline leakage failure modes, and multiple failure modes of compressor stations and carries out probabilistic risk assessment of gas-electricity integrated energy system.

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Section: Model Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment and Analysis of Biomass Energy Engineering Project Management under the Concept of Sustainable Development

Gao

2022

Adsorption Science & Technology

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Section: Added Values From the Biocon Co 2 Using Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transesterification involves reacting the oils with an alcohol (such as methanol) and a catalyst (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to produce biodiesel and glycerol as a byproduct. The biodiesel is further purified through processes such as washing, drying, and filtering to remove impurities and ensure its quality meets the required standards [134,137,138]. For bioethanol production, the algae biomass can be subjected to fermentation processes, where enzymes or microorganisms convert the carbohydrates present in the algae into ethanol.…”

Section: Added Values From the Biocon Co 2 Using Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Recent Advancement of Bioconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Added Value Products: A State of the Art

2023

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Excessive dependence on fossil fuels increases GHG emissions and carbon levels in the atmosphere, leading to climatic changes. This phenomenon can be reversed by capturing the carbon via “carbon capture and storage” (CCS) or “carbon capture and utilize” (CCU) technologies. In CCS methods, the captured carbon is stored in natural sinks (e.g., oceans), whereas, in CCU methods, the carbon is converted into useful products. Among CCU methods, the biological conversion of CO2 (BioConCO2) into value-added chemicals has gained great attention. This review focuses on providing an overview of the recent advances in CO2 utilization technology with a focus on the BioConCO2. The theoretical background and technical drivers, challenges, and setbacks of upscaling and commercialization of BioConCO2 are critically discussed with implications for future improvements. The BioConCO2 is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers and industrialists for its capacity to operate under low CO2 concentrations and in the presence of impurities (common conditions in industrial flue gases)—among other numerous advantages. While upscaling algae-based BioConCO2 has operational and financial challenges, bioconversion via bacteria and genetically engineered cyanobacterial seems promising due to their efficiency and flexibility.

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“…The most important environmental problem caused by the use of fossil fuels and different wastes is global warming due to the emission of CO 2 during their use [6,7]. Hence, the elevated energy consumption for human pursuits, such as the consumption for transportation and powering the industrial zones, and the health issues related to the environmental pollution from fossil fuel use necessitated the search for renewable energy resource-based fuels that can replace fossil fuels [8]. Consequently, renewable energy resource based and sustainable fuels/energy sources (such as biofuels, solar energy, hydro energy, wind and tidal energy sources) have been considered candidates to minimize the use of non-renewable energy resources [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art catalysts for clean fuel (methyl esters) production—a comprehensive review

et al. 2022

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There has been growing and recent interest in using non-edible feedstocks such as waste animal fats as alternate to vegetable oils in biodiesel production to address food vs fuel debate. The waste animal fats are cost effective and yield the biodiesel of good quality. Therefore, waste animal fats are appealing and excellent feedstocks to produce biodiesel. Commercially, the biodiesel is obtained by transesterification reaction of triglycerides present in oil/fat with alcohol in presence of homogeneous base catalysts. However, free fatty acids found in low-quality oil feedstocks are particularly sensitive to homogeneous base catalysts, necessitating extra acid pretreatment and neutralization procedures that not only raise the overall expense of producing biodiesel but also create environmental contamination. Optimistically, the use of solid catalysts can offer an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and practical route for the manufacture of biodiesel from inexpensive oil feedstocks, including waste animal fat. The present review article covers catalyzed transesterification/esterification using various catalysts with particular focus on use of heterogeneous catalysts when using waste animal fat as feedstock for biodiesel production. Particularly, the properties of biodiesel obtained from waste animal fats are also compared to biodiesel properties of standard organizations such as European Committee of Standardization and the American Society for Testing and Materials. Moreover, this paper also offers future research directions that can direct researchers to fill in knowledge gaps impeding the creation of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for long-term biodiesel generation. To the best of our knowledge, the valorization of waste animal fats from slaughterhouse is not feasible and have some techno-economic concerns. However, this technology is more desirable considering environmental point of view to address the pollution problems caused by these wastes.

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Sustainable valorization of algae biomass via thermochemical processing route: An overview

Cited by 48 publications

References 113 publications

Risk Assessment and Analysis of Biomass Energy Engineering Project Management under the Concept of Sustainable Development

Risk Assessment and Analysis of Biomass Energy Engineering Project Management under the Concept of Sustainable Development

A Review of the Recent Advancement of Bioconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Added Value Products: A State of the Art

State-of-the-art catalysts for clean fuel (methyl esters) production—a comprehensive review

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