Sustainable Metal Extraction from Waste Streams

Chauhan, Garima; Kaur, Perminder Jit; Pant, Kamal Kishore; Nigam, K.D.P.

doi:10.1002/9783527826704

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Pyrometallurgical processes are established as one of the main methods for WEEE recycling, with several expressive operating plants, [320,327,329] and often considered the current best available technology (BAT). [324] The main advantages of the pyrometallurgical approach are its ability to accept several forms of scrap, the possibility of using the polymeric fraction as source of energy, and the well-known equipment operation.…”

Section: Recycling (Eco-friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 325 ] However, hydrometallurgical processes generate large amounts of effluents and sludge, which must be carefully disposed of, as some of them may be toxic to humans and to the environment. [ 327 ] Indeed, hazardous reagents are commonly applied, such as strong inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, aqua regia, nitric acid) and cyanide. The replacement of such chemicals by milder ones, in a way to apply green chemistry technologies, is an essential strategy.…”

Section: Recycling (Eco‐friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 330,331 ] In addition, pyrometallurgical processes usually employ down‐stream hydrometallurgical methods to complete the recovery of some specific metals. [ 325,327 ]…”

Section: Recycling (Eco‐friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[330,331] In addition, pyrometallurgical processes usually employ down-stream hydrometallurgical methods to complete the recovery of some specific metals. [325,327] In addition to the limitations of the aforementioned conventional methods, the issue of informal recycling also imposes a remarkable challenge, as it is associated with degrading working conditions, exposure to hazardous substances, and environmental pollution. [330] Efforts to promote the regularization of the informal sector, in order to coordinate a system that ensures human safety processes and environmental protection, seem to be the most important eco-friendly improvement for the coming years-this is true not only for recycling, but also for the manufacturing of electronics (Section 4).…”

Section: Recycling (Eco-friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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these two phenomena and it is now understood that EEE are both part of the environmental cure and the environmental disease: while the increasing production and disposal of EEE have harmful consequences to the planet, [1] the use of EEE can assist in saving energy and natural resources. The research concerning ecofriendly electronics increased greatly in recent decades due to environmental legislations becoming increasingly rigorous and because of the increase in eco-friendly sought devices, which required business models to adapt in order to participate in this new market share. The concepts of eco-friendly electronics or green electronics comprehends several dimensions of this electronic-environment relationship and has been used loosely for a myriad of initiatives. Hu and Ismail [2] explain that the concept may be used to refer to the i) manufacturing process, through the employment of environmentally friendly processes and the avoidance of hazardous components or chemicals; ii) waste generation (avoidance), via reducing the e-waste impacts through the use of cleaner materials, longer product life, introducing programs to raise awareness and promote reuse/recycling; iii) use of sustainable practice (green computing), through the responsible use of computer resources, for example, by powering down and up devices according to need, reducing energy consumption during inactivity; iv) design, through the development of more efficient components that required less energy to perform, reduce carbon emissions, produce less heat, etc. Yet eco-friendly electronics can also refer to electronics whose purpose is to assist the environment or that do so as a consequence of its main function. Both these groups may be understood as an overlap between the aforementioned categories, and are equipment that optimize energy usage, minimize carbon footprint, detect pollutant concentration, monitor oil spillage, generate renewable energy, etc. There are many and diverse examples of these, such as power electronics, smart grids, and photovoltaic systems. [3] This review is intended to discuss these interactions, define important concepts, and provide an extensive list of ways in which EEE can be eco-friendly, primarily focusing on information and communication technology (ICT) devices, but also addressing items that fall outside of this category such as washing machines and lighting equipment. Initially, the use of electronics in aiding with energy and pollution related Eco-friendliness is becoming an indispensable feature for electrical and electronic equipment to thrive in the competitive market. This comprehensive review is the first to define eco-friendly electronics in its multiple meanings: power saving devices, end-of-life impact attenuators, equipment whose manufacturing uses green processing, electronics that use materials that minimize environmental and health risks, designs that improve lifespan, reparability, etc. More specifically, this review discusses eco-friendly technologies and materials that are being introduced to ...

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Section: Recycling (Eco-friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling (Eco‐friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 330,331 ] In addition, pyrometallurgical processes usually employ down‐stream hydrometallurgical methods to complete the recovery of some specific metals. [ 325,327 ]…”

Section: Recycling (Eco‐friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling (Eco-friendly Recycling Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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show abstract

“…As a result, they enter into the food chain and are ingested by humans and animals. Consistent efforts are being made to effectively remove contaminated water and soil samples (Chauhan et al 2020). Various heavy metals like copper, chromium, and mercury are removed from contaminated samples using composting, landfarming, coagulation, flocculation, membrane separation, and adsorption processes (Kaur et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and graphene oxide-based nanocomposites for water purification and medical applications: A review

Khandegar

Kaur

Chanana

2021

BioRes

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Chitosan (CS) is a natural polysaccharide isolated from insects, molluscs, and fungi. The specific properties of chitosan can be enhanced using physicochemical processes. The composites prepared using CS and graphene oxide (GO) contain active functional groups such as epoxide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl, which possess excellent biocompatibility, high adsorption capacity, and biodegradability. Their low cost and ease of scale-up make them employable for multiple applications in water-treatment plants, electronics, solar cells, and pharmaceuticals. This review provides an overview of sources, types, and properties of chitin, chitosan, and graphene oxide. The use of these composites for the preparation of anti-microbial drugs has been discussed here. The article also explores the applicability of such composites for removal of heavy metals (lead, copper, chromium, cobalt, mercury, etc.), dyes (methylene blue and other reactive dyes), and organic and inorganic contaminants (ofloxacin, naphthanol, phenol, and oil, etc.). The article highlights various knowledge gaps in the field and the scope of future work.

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Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods

Mishra,

Hunter,

Pant

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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Waste PCBs—the core of e‐waste—are rich in copper, tin, zinc, iron, and nickel. Leaching base metals from PCB used to be done in toxic, corrosive acidic/alkali mediums. In this work, an environmentally friendly method for leaching metals from thermally treated PCBs (TPCBs) of mobile phones were proposed using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DES selectivity and solubility of metals from metal oxides were the main screening criteria. FA‐ChCl had the maximum solubility of Cu, Fe, and Ni, while Urea‐ChCl had high Zn selectivity and solubility. Oxalic acid has high selectivity for Sn. FA‐ChCl extracted Cu and Fe best at 16 h, 100 °C, and 1/30 g/mL. Urea‐ChCl extracted Zn (90.4 ± 2.9%) from TPCBs at 100 °C, 21 h, 1/20 g/mL, and 400 rpm. Oxalic acid (1M) removed 92.3 ± 2.1% Sn from TPCBs in 1 h at 80 °C and 1/20 g/mL. The shrinking core model‐based kinetic investigation of FA‐ChCl for Cu extraction showed a diffusion‐controlled process. The proposed method is greener than mineral acids utilised for metal extraction.

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Sustainable Metal Extraction from Waste Streams

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Chitosan and graphene oxide-based nanocomposites for water purification and medical applications: A review

Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods

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