Sustainable cooling system for Kuwait hot climate combining diurnal radiative cooling and indirect evaporative cooling system

Passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, material designs, and applications

“…Active systems integrating PDRC with other energy systems (such as photovoltaic-thermal, 112,113 HVAC, 114,115 and thermoelectric [TE] cooling systems 116 ) include air-based, 98,99 open or closed-loop waterbased, 100,117 and hybrid systems. 118,119 Water-based cooling systems can be categorized into open-loop, 120 and closed-loop systems. 121 The closed-loop water system utilizes water as a heat transfer fluid and dissipates the heat by a flat-plate cooling radiator, which is different from an open-loop water system, which dissipates heat through convection, radiation, and evaporation, transferring the heat from the roof to the surrounding environment through the water in the roof pond.…”

“…However, these systems are more complicated, and external energy (fan or pump) is needed to transfer fluids or air for cooling. Active systems integrating PDRC with other energy systems (such as photovoltaic‐thermal, 112,113 HVAC, 114,115 and thermoelectric [TE] cooling systems 116 ) include air‐based, 98,99 open or closed‐loop water‐based, 100,117 and hybrid systems 118,119 …”

Spreading and Drying Dynamics of Water Drop on Hot Surface of Superwicking Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Material Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser

“…An important feature of the created material is a very slow degradation of its wicking functionality with time. The long-lasting wicking functionality along with a wide operational temperature range make the created texture suitable for a variety of practical applications, where the choice of materials is currently very limited, such as cooling high-heat flux electronics, thermal and fluid management in aerospace systems [5][6][7], cooling data centers [1,2], heat dissipation in power batteries and electronics of hybrid vehicles [15,110,111], and M-cycle applications, including air-conditioning [21][22][23][24][25], waste heat recovery [10][11][12], water desalination/purification [8,9,[112][113][114], and cooling towers [115]. Potential significant energy savings in air-conditioning of buildings [59] and cooling data centers [60] due to application of the material created here can contribute to mitigation of global warming.…”

“…Recent trends in cooling data centers [1,2], heat dissipation in high-heat flux electronics [3], cooling supercomputers [4], spacecraft thermal management [5][6][7], water desalination [8][9][10], waste heat recovery [11][12][13][14], cooling batteries [15], energy-harvesting [16][17][18][19], aircraft anti-icing [20], and Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) technologies [21][22][23][24][25] necessitate the creation of advanced capillary materials with efficient wicking/super-hydrophilic functionality at elevated temperatures. In particular, there is a fast-growing demand for these materials in cooling high-heat flux 5G electronics and in creating the next generation of M-cycle air-conditioning systems that will consume less electric power than the traditional compressor coolers by a factor of 5-8 [21,[26][27][28][29].…”

Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications

“…Katramiz et al [48] presented a hybrid air conditioning system which consists of an integrated hydronic radiative cooling (RC) panel and a cross-flow dew-point indirect evaporative cooler DPIEC. It is worth mentioning that DPIEC is equipped with a closed cycle water reclamation using an air-water harvesting (AWH) system.…”