Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications

Pacak, Anna; Worek, William M.

doi:10.3390/app11030934

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The M-cycle was invented fifty years ago and revolutionized the IEC market, but it still was not investigated or described extensively. It has drawn increasing attention since 2012, and this trend can be observed in Figure 6 [34]. Before 2012, there were only a few articles and studies describing these phenomena.…”

Section: M-cycle Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

2022

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The indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) has excellent potential to replace or improve conventional vapor compression equipment in HVAC and refrigeration applications. This could be achieved by using the M-cycle (dew-point evaporative cooling technology). This thermodynamic concept makes it possible to derive a large amount of energy from the air stream (as latent heat released during water evaporation into the working air stream) and use it for another air stream (product). Its application has also spread to other sectors, such as water desalination and distillation, power plants, or NOx reduction. This paper provides an overview of the M-cycle mainly in air conditioning (MAC, D-MAC, H-MAC) and refrigeration (MCT, M-condenser). Various integrated solutions are described, showing improved effectiveness in terms of the wet-bulb temperature and the dew point. The design features of consolidated solutions are better In terms of the flow distribution, geometry, or volume. Most of the improvements confirm the great potential of the M-cycle to increase the unit or the system efficiency due to lower energy and water consumption.

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Section: M-cycle Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

2022

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“…Maisotsenko-Cycle (M-Cycle) evaporative cooling technique is an advanced method for achieving the dew point temperature as compared to the other two traditional systems where cooling limit touches the wet bulb temperature [44,48]. In this system, the cooling effect is produced by evaporative cooling and heat transfer where dew-point temperature is achieved instead of wet-bulb temperature [49,50]. Figure 6 illustrates the working principle of MEC system.…”

Section: M-cycle Evaporative Cooling (Mec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

et al. 2021

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Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

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“…Except for the aforementioned wet-bulb effectiveness, another technical term called dew point effectiveness is often applied to access the IEC system performance as shown in Equation (2) [23]: In recent years, the system performance of M-cycle IEC has been widely studied through experimental, numerical and analytical methods. Improvements in flow arrangements, geometrical size, the water distribution system and adsorbent material are the major targets in these studies [13]. Cui et al [42] introduced a configuration of M-cycle IEC simulated with CFD.…”

Section: Indirect Evaporative Cooling (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some papers have conducted reviews for the evaporative cooling technology that could be found in the literature [1,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18], there is still a lack of reviews specifically on the ECT integrated with a solid desiccant system. In this paper, recent technical developments and evaluation methods of ECT and solid desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling technologies (SDECT) were comprehensively reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporative Cooling Integrated with Solid Desiccant Systems: A Review

et al. 2021

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Evaporative cooling technology (ECT) has been deemed as an alternative to the conventional vapor-compression air conditioning system for dry climates in recent years due to its simple structure and low operating cost. Generally speaking, the ECT includes two types of different technologies, direct evaporative cooling (DEC) and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Both technologies can theoretically reduce the air temperature to the wet-bulb temperature of outdoor air. The major difference between these two technologies is that DEC will introduce extra moisture to the supply air while IEC will not. The enhanced IEC, Maisotsenko-cycle (M-cyle) IEC, can even bring down the air temperature to the dew point temperature. The ECT integrated with solid desiccant systems, i.e., solid desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling technologies (SDECT), could make the technology applicable to a wider range of weather conditions, e.g., weather with high humidity. In this paper, the recent development of various evaporative cooling technologies (ECT), solid desiccant material and the integration of these two technologies, the SDECT, were thoroughly reviewed with respect to their configuration, optimization and desiccant unit improvement. Furthermore, modeling techniques for simulating SDECT with their pros and cons were also reviewed. Potential opportunities and research recommendations were indicated, which include improving the structure and material of M-cycle IEC, developing novel desiccant material and optimizing configuration, water consumption rate and operation strategy of SDECT system. This review paper indicated that the SDECT system could be a potential replacement for the conventional vapor-compressed cooling system and could be applied in hot and humid environments with proper arrangements.

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Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Evaporative Cooling Integrated with Solid Desiccant Systems: A Review

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