Under steady-state conditions when fluid temperature is constant, there is no damping and time lag and temperature measurement can be made with high accuracy. But when fluid temperature is varying rapidly as during start-up, quite appreciable differences occur between the true temperature and the measured temperature because of the time required for the transfer of heat to the thermocouple placed inside a heavy thermometer pocket. In this paper, two different techniques for determining transient fluid temperature based on the first and second order thermometer model are presented. The fluid temperature was determined using measured thermometer temperature, which is suddenly immersed into boiling water. To demonstrate the applicability of the presented method to actual data, the air temperature which changes in time, was calculated based on the temperature readings from the sheathed thermocouple.
In both conventional and nuclear power plants, the high thermal load of thick-walled elements occurs during start-up and shutdown. Therefore, thermal stresses should be determined on-line during plant start-up to avoid shortening the lifetime of critical pressure elements. It is necessary to know the fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficient on the internal surface of the elements, which vary over time to determine transient temperature distribution and thermal stresses in boilers critical pressure elements. For this reason, accurate measurement of transient fluid temperature is very significant, and the correct determination of transient thermal stresses depends to a large extent on it. However, thermometers used in power plants are not able to measure the transient fluid temperature with adequate accuracy due to their massive housing and high thermal inertia. The article aims to present a new technique of measuring transient superheated steam temperature and the results of its application on a real object.
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