Sustainable bio-economy that delivers the environment–food–energy–water nexus objectives: The current status in Malaysia

Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim; Salleh, Mohamad Amran Mohd; Adam, Siti Noradzah; Shafri, H. Z. M.; Shaharum, S.N.; Lim, Kean Long; Rubinsin, Nowilin James; Lam, Hon Loong; Hasan, Azhan; Samsatli, Sheila; Tapia, John Frederick D.; Khezri, Ramin; Jaye, Ida Fahani Md; Martínez-Hernández, Elías

doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.002

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Napier grass can be harvested four times a year and it has the potential to produce about 100 barrels of oil equivalent per hectare [6]. Elephant grass is used now in Malaysia as a sustainable resource for the electricity supply system due to its advantages of yield capability, wide propagation, and high dry material [7]. However, a large quantity of elephant grass ashes was generated during the direct burning process of these activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mortar With Pennisetum Purpureum Ashes as Cement Replacement Material

I.¹,

Al-Fasih²,

Amira³

et al. 2021

IIUMEJ

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In this study, the properties of mortar such as standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, and water absorption rate were investigated. The cement was replaced with Pennisetum purpureum ashes (PPA) in different particle sizes and dosages. PPA was produced in greyish-white ash with total reactive oxides ranging from 37% to 41.1%. Pennisetum purpureum grass (PPG) was burned with a controlled process at 350 °C for the first 3 hours and 600 °C for another 3 hours at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Then, PPG was ground in three different grinding durations (1, 3, and 6 hours) producing ashes with particle sizes of 10.58 µm, 10.25 µm, and 9.30 µm, respectively. The physical, chemical, and microstructural properties of PPA were evaluated through several tests; particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, loss on ignition, and chemical composition. Results indicated that PPA is more suitable for use as filling material as a substitute for cement than pozzolanic material as its reactive oxides are less than 50%. The 15% 6H-PPA at 28 days was found to be the optimum PPA replacement dosage and grinding time with cement as it achieved the highest strength and lower water absorption rate among all samples at 7 and 28 days. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini berkenaan sifat mortar seperti konsistensi standard, masa penyediaan, kekuatan menyeluruh, dan kadar penyerapan air. Simen ditukar dengan abu Pennisetum purpureum (PPA) dalam saiz partikel dan sukatan berbeza. PPA pula dihasilkan melalui habuk putih-kekelabuan dengan total reaktif oksida dengan julat purata 37% ke 41.1%. Rumput Pennisetum purpureum (PPG) dibakar dengan proses kawalan pada 350 °C selama 3 jam pertama dan 600 °C pada 3 jam berikutnya pada kadar pemanasan 10 °C/min. Kemudian, PPG dikisar dalam tiga tempoh kisaran berbeza (1, 3, dan 6 jam) menghasilkan abu dengan saiz partikel 10.58 µm, 10.25 µm, dan 9.30 µm, masing-masing. Fizikal, larutan kimia dan sifat struktur mikro PPA telah dikaji melalui pelbagai ujian; analisis saiz partikel, analisis pembelauan X-ray, kehilangan semasa penyalaan dan kandungan kimia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan PPA adalah lebih sesuai digunakan sebagai material pengisian ganti kepada simen berbanding material pozzolanik kerana reaktif oksida adalah kurang daripada 50%. PPA adalah maksimum pada 15% 6H-PPA selama 28 hari, didapati lebih sesuai sebagai dos pengganti dan masa kisaran bersama simen, kerana kekuatan menyeluruh adalah paling tinggi dan kadar penyerapan air paling kurang antara semua sampel pada 7 dan 28 hari.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mortar With Pennisetum Purpureum Ashes as Cement Replacement Material

I.¹,

Al-Fasih²,

Amira³

et al. 2021

IIUMEJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is also one of the best alternatives in the form of biomass for conversion to solid fuel for industrial purposes due to its high heating value (average of 16 MJ/kg) . These advantages summarize the benefits of Napier grass, thus giving it a lot of credit as a great source for use in bioenergy applications (particularly for thermochemical conversion) as compared to other residues …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…5 These advantages summarize the benefits of Napier grass, thus giving it a lot of credit as a great source for use in bioenergy applications (particularly for thermochemical conversion) as compared to other residues. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial of Biopellet Prepared by Napier Grass

2022

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Pelletization from nonwoody biomass has gained a lot of attention due to its potential to secure biomass feedstock supply and pricing. Studies have been conducted to produce biopellets from different parts of Napier grass plant. In this study, two different species of Napier grass were used. Two pressure points and five different times were varied accordingly. Proximate, ultimate, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed to assess chemical properties. Statistical analysis of the collected data validated and supported the discussion. The produced pellets of Napier grass exhibited good energy density comparable to those in the literature based on gross calorific values. The pellet density demonstrated a significant effect with time, pressure, and feedstock ratios. The pellet durability test showed comparable characteristics to another biomass pellet. Both Pakchong Napier grass (PNG) and wild Napier grass (WNG) biopellet densities obtained were higher than 0.650 g/cm 3 , and the durability was higher than 95%. This signifies that the pellet can withstand repeated transfer during handling without breakage.

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“…Gaining a better understanding of the scope and role of the bio‐economy is therefore important not only for practical policymaking within the countries but is also interesting as examples for other developing countries. Some work has been done earlier with a strong focus on the technology, 9 policy, 13 and environment, 14 as well as society and politics, 15 but none of them attempted to compare Malaysia and Indonesia. This paper focuses on the macro‐economic aspect of bio‐economy in both countries, illustrating the potential pathway of downstream bio‐economy, including oleochemicals, biofuel, bioenergy, biorefining, and industrial clusters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐economy for sustainable growth in developing countries: The case of oil palm in Malaysia and Indonesia

Goh

Potter

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Malaysia and Indonesia are two vivid examples of economic development built upon land exploitation. The concept of ‘bio‐economy’ illustrates a pathway for countries to move on to a more sustainable course of development by creating added value downstream and diversifying away from primary production. Growing a local oleochemical industry was naturally the first step for Malaysia and Indonesia as the world's largest palm‐oil producers. This was extended to biofuel production, which first aimed for export revenues. The biofuel sector later became an important buffer for the palm‐oil industry to absorb excessive stock with domestic blending targets during low price periods. Meanwhile, the utilization of biomass for power generation has grown significantly for both exports and local use. Converting biomass into second‐generation biofuels and other advanced bio‐based materials has also attracted great interest from foreign investors. However, the high cost of biomass mobilization has limited the deployment of advanced biorefineries. One interesting option is to integrate waste management with the production of high‐value bioenergy and biomaterials, adopting the model of a multi‐feedstock biorefinery. While several bio‐based industrial clusters were set up to attract investment with the consolidation of infrastructure surrounding major ports, more effort is still needed to explore and identify feasible business models with optimized supply chains. Cross‐border cooperation may open new doors for building regional bio‐based value chains. The ongoing digital revolution may provide breakthroughs in chain integration and technology deployment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sustainable bio-economy that delivers the environment–food–energy–water nexus objectives: The current status in Malaysia

Cited by 26 publications

References 93 publications

Characterization of Mortar With Pennisetum Purpureum Ashes as Cement Replacement Material

Characterization of Mortar With Pennisetum Purpureum Ashes as Cement Replacement Material

Trial of Biopellet Prepared by Napier Grass

Bio‐economy for sustainable growth in developing countries: The case of oil palm in Malaysia and Indonesia

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