Suspended trapping procedure for alleviation of space charge effects in gas chromatography/Fourier-transform mass spectrometry

Hogan, Jeremiah D.; Laude, David A.

doi:10.1021/ac00204a020

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, pulsing collision gas into the ICR trap significantly decreases the duty cycle (spectrum acquisition rate) of the FTICR instrument if high performance is to be maintained. Other ion cooling approaches include ion evaporative [55], adiabatic [36,38], resistive [56] and sympathetic [57] cooling. Though these approaches have been shown to provide effective cooling for particular applications, they have not been widely adopted because of a decrease in signal intensity (e.g., evaporative cooling), reduced capability of ion cooling over a broad m/z range (e.g., adiabatic cooling), inefficiency at higher cyclotron frequencies where detection is mostly capacitive (e.g., resistive cooling) or extended cooling time for hot heavier ions to be cooled by electrons (e.g., sympathetic cooling).…”

Section: Direct Infusion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated high performance capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for high-throughput proteomics

Belov

Anderson

Wingerd

et al. 2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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We describe a fully automated high performance liquid chromatography 9.4 tesla Fourier transform ion resonance cyclotron (FTICR) mass spectrometer system designed for proteomics research. A synergistic suite of ion introduction and manipulation technologies were developed and integrated as a high-performance front-end to a commercial Bruker Daltonics FTICR instrument. The developments incorporated included a dual-ESI-emitter ion source; a dualchannel electrodynamic ion funnel; tandem quadrupoles for collisional cooling and focusing, ion selection, and ion accumulation, and served to significantly improve the sensitivity, dynamic range, and mass measurement accuracy of the mass spectrometer. In addition, a novel technique for accumulating ions in the ICR cell was developed that improved both resolution and mass measurement accuracy. A new calibration methodology is also described where calibrant ions are introduced and controlled via a separate channel of the dual-channel ion funnel, allowing calibrant species to be introduced to sample spectra on a real-time basis, if needed. We also report on overall instrument automation developments that facilitate high-throughput and unattended operation. These included an automated version of the previously reported very high resolution, high pressure reversed phase gradient capillary liquid chromatography (LC) system as the separations component. A commercial autosampler was integrated to facilitate 24 h/day operation. Unattended operation of the instrument revealed exceptional overall performance: Reproducibility (1-5% deviation in uncorrected elution times), repeatability (Ͻ20% deviation in detected abundances for more abundant peptides from the same aliquot analyzed a few weeks apart), and robustness (high-throughput operation for 5 months without significant downtime). When combined with modulated-ionenergy gated trapping, the dynamic calibration of FTICR mass spectra provided decreased mass measurement errors for peptide identifications in conjunction with high resolution capillary LC separations over a dynamic range of peptide peak intensities for each spectrum of 10 3 , and Ͼ10 5 for peptide abundances in the overall separation. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2004, 15, 212-232)

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Section: Direct Infusion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated high performance capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for high-throughput proteomics

Belov

Anderson

Wingerd

et al. 2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Although this difference is relatively large, we had reason to believe that a sufficient population of the two ions could be generated to observe the sidebands. Several years ago, while evaluating suspended trapping pulse sequences for alleviating space charge in the gas chromatography experiment [21], we observed that FTICR spectra of large methylnaphthalene ion populations were far more susceptible to space-charge distortion than equivalent populations of similar molecules. The only distinguishing characteristic of methylnaphthalene was the presence of two closely spaced ions in the EI spectrum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional coulomb-induced frequency modulation in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance: A mechanism for line broadening at high mass and for large ion populations

Hendrickson

Beu

Laude

1993

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) spectra generated for large ion populations exhibit frequency shifts and line broadening, apparently due to Coulomb forces between ions. Although previous two-dimensional (2D) models of Coulomb effects in FTICR accounted for frequency shifts, they did not account for spectral line broadening. In this article, a 2D model is proposed that predicts line broadening due to Coulomb-induced frequency modulation. The model considers the case of two different-mass ions orbiting at their respective cyclotron frequencies around a common guiding center. A mutual modulation of the cyclotron frequency occurs at the difference frequency between ions. If the modulation period is much shorter than the FTICR observation time, then sidebands spaced at intervals approximately equal to the modulation frequency are predicted. However, if the modulation period is similar in duration to the FTICR observation period, the sidebands can no longer be resolved, which results in spectral line broadening. This latter case is a necessary consequence for isotopic peaks in the high mass region around m/z 2000, where deterioration in FTICR performance has been observed. Computer simulations are used to confirm the mass dependence and to demonstrate other features of the model, including a strong dependence of the modulation on ion number. In support of the model, experimental FTICR spectra for large populations of methylnaphthalene ions at m/z 141 and 142 exhibit constant frequency sidebands corresponding to multiples of the difference frequency for the two ions extending from nominal values of m/z 136 to 147.

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“…Another approach to reduce the space-charge effect on mass accuracy is to regulate the ion population in the cell by using a suspended trapping procedure (Laude & Beu, 1989;Hogan & Laude, 1990). This technique is based upon suspending the trapplate potentials for a few milliseconds and allowing some ions trapped in the cell to escape.…”

Section: A External Mass Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is based upon suspending the trapplate potentials for a few milliseconds and allowing some ions trapped in the cell to escape. When this procedure is employed, an accurate mass calibration can be achieved independent of initial ion population in the trapped ion cell (Laude & Beu, 1989;Hogan & Laude, 1990). Laude and co-workers (Laude & Beu, 1989;Hogan & Laude, 1990) applied this method to GC/FTMS analysis, and they demonstrated that the shifts in cyclotron frequency over the eluting GC peak profile can be significantly reduced from 210 Hz to less than 3 Hz.…”

Section: A External Mass Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate mass measurements by Fourier transform mass spectrometry

Zhang¹,

Rempel

Pramanik³

et al. 2004

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

121

133

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The capability for accurate mass measurements is an important attribute of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). Unlike other instrumental methods in mass spectrometry, FTMS still offers significant opportunities to improve mass measurement accuracy (MMA), making it an area of research. This review covers the published literature in FTMS from the late 1970s to the present. We discuss the development and evolution of mass calibration that give accuracies in the low ppm range. We sketch the derivation and show the common foundation of these mass calibration procedures. We also describe the relation of mass calibration and the fundamentals of ion motion and space-charge effects, and we review efforts to improve the basic calibration procedure particularly those that correct for effects of space charge. The advent of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) have opened the door for FTMS to be used for analyzing at high performance biopolymers, including proteins, oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), oligosaccharides, and synthetic polymers. We also discuss the utility of FTMS for accurate mass measurement in these areas and some practical ways to improve MMA. # 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 24:286-309, 2005

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Suspended trapping procedure for alleviation of space charge effects in gas chromatography/Fourier-transform mass spectrometry

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

An automated high performance capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for high-throughput proteomics

An automated high performance capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for high-throughput proteomics

Two-dimensional coulomb-induced frequency modulation in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance: A mechanism for line broadening at high mass and for large ion populations

Accurate mass measurements by Fourier transform mass spectrometry

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