Susceptibility of Helicid Snails to Isolates of the Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita from Southern France

Coupland, James B.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1995.1088

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The terrestrial snail species H. aspersa (juveniles), Monacha cantiana (Montagu) and Cepaea hortensis (Müller) and the aquatic species Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) are susceptible to high doses of P. hermaphrodita , but the aquatic Physa fontinalis (L.) is not 17, 31–34. Two strains of P. hermaphrodita have been isolated from Theba pisana (Müller) and Trochoidea elegans (Gmelin) and were found to cause 80–100% mortality to the snails T. pisana, Cochlicella acuta (Müller) and Cernuella virgata (da Costa) within 8 days of exposure 33. Dauer larvae of P. hermaphrodita have been isolated from many other snail species, but it is not known what, if any, effect they were having on the host.…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of terrestrial molluscs usingPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita—progress and prospects

Rae

Verdun

Grewal

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

113

127

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Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) is a nematode that parasitises a wide range of slug and snail species. It has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug) and was commercialised in 1994. It is now available in fourteen European countries. A review is given of all research on P. hermaphrodita, including basic biology, mass cultivation, formulation, host range, application strategies, field efficacy and effects on non-target organisms. The many critical gaps in present knowledge are highlighted, and future research is proposed that will lead to greater understanding of this unusual parasite and may enable its more widespread use in the management of mollusc pests.

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Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of terrestrial molluscs usingPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita—progress and prospects

Rae

Verdun

Grewal

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

113

127

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“…However, high numbers of iron phosphate pellets may increase earthworm mortality (Langan and Shaw 2006). Biological control using the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), has been successfully used, not only against slugs (Grimm 2002), but also to some extent against snails (Coupland 1995). Grimm (2002) and Speiser et al (2001) This study is part of a larger research programme in which the effects of BTO as a molluscicide (the current study) and their ecotoxicological effects on both terrestrial (Hagner et al 2010a) and aquatic (Hagner et al 2010b) organisms were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

Lindqvist¹,

Lindqvist²,

Tiilikkala³

2008

AFSci

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Populations of two molluscs, the land snail Arianta arbustorum and the Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus, have increased substantially in many places in the northern Fennoscandia in recent years. This has resulted in considerable aesthetic and economic damage to plants in home gardens and commercial nurseries. Birch tar oil (BTO), is a new biological plant protection product, and was tested against these molluscs. In this study we examined whether 2 types of BTO, used either alone, mixed together, or mixed with Vaseline ® , could be applied as 1) a biological plant protection product for the control of land snails by direct topical spray application, 2) as a repellent against snails when painted on a Perspex ® fence, and 3) as a repellent against slugs when smeared on pots containing Brassica pekinensis seedlings. Both the fences and the pots with seedlings were placed in each field with a high population of the target organism. When applied as a spray on snails, BTO did not act as a toxic pesticide but rendered the snails inactive for a period of several months. The BTO barriers were effective in repelling both snails and slugs. However, the repellent effect of BTO alone against the molluscs was short-term. Repeated treatments were required to keep the slugs away from the plants and we found that the interval between treatments should not exceed two weeks. A collar fastened around the rim of the pots, combined with the BTO treatment, did not give any additional benefit in hindering slugs from invading the plants. Most noticeably, the BTO+Vaseline ® mixture prevented the land snails from passing over the treated fences for up to several months. The results of these experiments provide evidence that BTO, especially when mixed with Vaseline ® , serves as an excellent long-term repellent against molluscs.

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“…Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has no effect on insects or earthworms,11, 19 and non‐target molluscs such as many common hedgerow snail species seem to be resistant to P hermaphrodita 20. However, there are indications of susceptibility of some helicid snails to P hermaphrodita ,21 and of earthworms to Phasmarhabditis species 22. Also, P hermaphrodita is thought to have a short persistence in treated areas,11, 20 although evidence of relatively long persistence and effectiveness when applied to slug shelters has been reported 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and the biocontrol nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two‐year study in north‐west Spain

Iglesias

Castillejo

Castro

2003

Pest Management Science

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Over two years, six consecutive field experiments were done in which the chemical molluscicide metaldehyde and the nematode biocontrol agent Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) were applied at the standard field rates to replicated mini-plots successively planted with lettuce, Brussels sprouts, leaf beet and cabbage, to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing slug damage to the crops. Soil samples from each plot were taken prior to the start of the experiments, and then monthly, to assess the populations of slugs, snails, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans. The experiments were done on the same site and each plot received the same treatment in the six experiments. The six treatments were: (1) untreated controls, (2) metaldehyde pellets, (3 and 4) nematodes applied to the planted area 3 days prior to planting without or with previous application of cow manure slurry, (5) nematodes applied to the area surrounding the planted area 3 days prior to planting, and (6) nematodes applied to the planted area once (only in the first of the six consecutive experiments). Only the metaldehyde treatment and the nematodes applied to the planted area at the beginning of each experiment without previous application of manure significantly reduced slug damage to the plants, and only metaldehyde reduced the number of slugs contaminating the harvested plants. The numbers of slugs, snails and earthworms in soil samples were compared among the six treatments tested: with respect to the untreated controls, the numbers of Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) were significantly affected only in the metaldehyde plots, and the numbers of Arion ater L only in the plots treated with nematodes applied to the planted area 3 days prior to planting without previous application of manure; numbers of snails (Ponentina ponentina (Morelet) and Oxychilus helveticus (Blum)) were not affected by the treatment. The total numbers of all earthworm species and of Lumbricus spp were unaffected by the treatment, but Dendrobaena spp increased significantly in the plots treated with manure. The numbers of nematodes, acarids and collembolans in soil samples were compared between the untreated controls and the treatments with nematodes applied 3 days prior to planting to the planted area or to the surrounding area, without previous application of manure: the treatment had a significant effect on the number of nematodes in soil samples, but acarids and collembolans were unaffected.

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Susceptibility of Helicid Snails to Isolates of the Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita from Southern France

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Biological control of terrestrial molluscs usingPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita—progress and prospects

Biological control of terrestrial molluscs usingPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita—progress and prospects

Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

The effects of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and the biocontrol nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two‐year study in north‐west Spain

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