Susceptibility of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) to infection with typical and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida

Bricknell, Ian; Bowden, Tim; Bruno, D. W.; MacLachlan, P.; Johnstone, R.; Ellis, A.E.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00025-3

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Comparing the pathogenicity of one atypical and one typical strain of Aeromonas salmonicida to subadult halibut (weight range 154 to 254 g), Bricknell et al (1999) found no mortality as a result of bath challenge. Minimum lethal doses per halibut after intraperitoneal injection of bacterium were 10 6 (typical A. salmonicida) and 10 7 (atypical A. salmonicida).…”

Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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After substantial investments in research, the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in Norway, Iceland, Scotland and Canada. As with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the Atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. In economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. The most important infections are caused by nodaviruses, causative agents of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), which are the major reason why Norway's production of halibut fry has been level since 1995. An aquatic birnavirus, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, is also an important agent of mortality. Vibrio anguillarum, Flexibacter ovolyticus and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida are the major bacterial pathogens. The protozoan parasites recorded include Ichthyobodo sp., the microsporidium Enterocytozoon sp., Trichodina hippoglossi, and the metazoan pathogens include myxozoans, helminths, Entobdella hippoglossi, Lepeophtheirus hippoglossi and other parasitic copepods. Experimental vaccines have been tested against V. anguillarum and atypical A. salmonicida, with good results. A recombinant vaccine against nodaviruses is under development. A few trials have been carried out on non-specific immunostimulants, but no such treatment is currently available. A number of efficacy and pharmacokinetic trials with various antibacterial agents have also been published. KEY WORDS: Atlantic halibut · Diseases · Prophylaxis · Treatment Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 48: [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] 2001 unknown may accidentally compromise the defence systems of the host. Thirdly, disease conditions that may be common among wild fish are largely unrecognised by humans. However, in aquaculture systems the fish farmer will recognise signs of disease such as reduced growth, abnormal behaviour and increased mortality, all of which rapidly call for attention by veterinarians and scientists.The main challenge experienced by halibut farms has been to achieve adequate survival rates, particularly during the early life stages. Thus, since the early 1990s, the amount of experience and knowledge of diseases of viral, bacterial or parasitical etiology of the Atlantic halibut has grown significantly. The evidence for the importance of diseases that affect the early life stages, such as infections by birnaviruses (Biering et al. 1994), nodaviruses (Grotmol et al. 1995(Grotmol et al. , 1997, or various opportunistic bacteria (Bergh et al. 1992b) has now been demonstrated by different challenge experiments (Table 1).The parasite fauna of wild Atlantic halibut have not been widely studied, for which reason our knowledge of potential harmful parasites in farmed fish is limited. Studies of parasites on wild halibut have mainly concentrated on desc...

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Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Variation in immune response and susceptibility to disease between species and strains have been reported [12,15,[34][35][36] but there is no evidence within the literature of how non-specific immune responses vary between strains of Atlantic halibut. Temperature influenced some haematological parameters in this study, as evidenced by PCV, percentage leucocyte population and di#erential leucocyte counts.…”

Section: Three Strains Of Juvenile Atlantic Halibutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Bricknell et al [12] compared the susceptibility of Atlantic halibut and Atlantic salmon to infection with Aeromonas salmonicida, Atlantic halibut were significantly more resistant to infection than salmon. This was in spite of the fact that agglutinating antibody titres were observed to rise significantly in salmon but not in halibut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

The e#ect of temperature (8,12,15 and 18 C) on a variety of non-specific defence and haematological parameters was examined in three geographically distinct reared strains (Canadian, Icelandic, Norwegian) of Atlantic halibut. The results indicate that temperature exerts a considerable influence on some blood parameters (packed cell volume and the percentage population of leucocytes in peripheral blood) and on some humoral parameters (serum lysozyme activity and serum protein levels) of halibut.

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of temperature on non-specific defence parameters of three strains of juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Langston

Hoare

Stefánsson

et al. 2002

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

110

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“…Studies have been carried out on its cultural requirements, its susceptibility to common fish pathogens and protection by vaccination or other measures (Mangor-Jensen et al, 1998;Bricknell et al, 1999Bricknell et al, , 2000Bowden et al, 2000;Dalmo et al, 2000). Studies of its immune system have been limited and the aim of the present work was to take a closer look at several humoral immune parameters of cultured halibut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune parameters of cultured Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Lange

Guðmundsdóttir

Magnadóttir

2001

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

105

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Susceptibility of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) to infection with typical and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

The effect of temperature on non-specific defence parameters of three strains of juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Humoral immune parameters of cultured Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

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