Survival, Sublethal Injury, and Recovery of Environmental
            <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>
            in Soil Subjected to Desiccation

Larsen, Eloise; Smith, James J.; Norton, Robert; Corkeron, Maree

doi:10.1128/aem.03168-12

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A high moisture content (greater than 10–15–40%) has been implicated as important in enhancing the presence or survival of B . pseudomallei in soil [ 11 , 20 – 22 ]. Larsen and colleagues (2013) showed that prolonged survival was possible in desiccated (91 days) and intermittently irrigated soils (113 days) where the moisture content varied from close to 0% (after 14 days starting at ~8%) for the desiccated soil to approximately 5–13% in the intermittently irrigated soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia

et al. 2015

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Factors responsible for the spatial and temporal clustering of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment remain to be elucidated. Whilst laboratory based experiments have been performed to analyse survival of the organism in various soil types, such approaches are strongly influenced by alterations to the soil micro ecology during soil sanitisation and translocation. During the monsoonal season in Townsville, Australia, B. pseudomallei is discharged from Castle Hill (an area with a very high soil prevalence of the organism) by groundwater seeps and is washed through a nearby area where intensive sampling in the dry season has been unable to detect the organism. We undertook environmental sampling and soil and plant characterisation in both areas to ascertain physiochemical and macro-floral differences between the two sites that may affect the prevalence of B. pseudomallei. In contrast to previous studies, the presence of B. pseudomallei was correlated with a low gravimetric water content and low nutrient availability (nitrogen and sulphur) and higher exchangeable potassium in soils favouring recovery. Relatively low levels of copper, iron and zinc favoured survival. The prevalence of the organism was found to be highest under the grasses Aristida sp. and Heteropogon contortus and to a lesser extent under Melinis repens. The findings of this study indicate that a greater variety of factors influence the endemicity of melioidosis than has previously been reported, and suggest that biogeographical boundaries to the organisms’ distribution involve complex interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia

et al. 2015

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“…B. pseudomallei is able to survive for long periods in moist environments, although it survives less well at low temperatures ( 15 , 16 ). Although the organism may survive desiccation, viability may be compromised ( 17 ). Therefore, clinical samples should be transported to the laboratory at room temperature and processed as soon as possible, and swabs should preferably be placed in a suitable transport medium.…”

Section: Optimal Diagnostic Workup For Patients With Suspected Melioimentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis Diagnostic Workshop, 20131

Hoffmaster¹,

AuCoin²,

Baccam³

et al. 2015

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. There is broad interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. Therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and private sector personnel from around the world was convened to discuss the current state of melioidosis diagnostics, diagnostic needs, and future directions.

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“…The adaptation of B. pseudomallei through morphological alterations may increase its longevity in soil, particularly in endemic areas in which the soil has physicochemical properties suitable for soil-borne pathogens. 16,17,32 Conversely, the loss of culturability and viability observed in soils with high-osmotic stress (i.e., 1.5-3% NaCl), Figure 5A and B) suggests a method of controlling the B. pseudomallei population because our results showed that B. pseudomallei lost its viability after 120 days of exposure to osmotic stress. This result confirmed our earlier findings that these conditions could be used to control bacterial numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…16 A study of soil microcosms demonstrated that dry soil in tropical endemic regions may act as a reservoir of B. pseudomallei during the dry season, with an increase in their number and the potential for their mobilization from the soil to water occurring during the wet season. 17 The association of the presence of B. pseudomallei with that of iron and salt in water and soil has been demonstrated in endemic areas. 16,[18][19][20][21][22] These results may facilitate understanding of the ability of B. pseudomallei to adapt to soil in northeastern Thailand that has different environmental features, including high salinity and the presence of iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Alteration and Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil Microcosms

Kamjumphol¹,

Chareonsudjai²,

Taweechaisupapong³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The resilience of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was evaluated in control soil microcosms and in soil microcosms containing NaCl or FeSO4 at 30°C. Iron (Fe(II)) promoted the growth of B. pseudomallei during the 30-day observation, contrary to the presence of 1.5% and 3% NaCl. Scanning electron micrographs of B. pseudomallei in soil revealed their morphological alteration from rod to coccoid and the formation of microcolonies. The smallest B. pseudomallei cells were found in soil with 100 μM FeSO4 compared with in the control soil or soil with 0.6% NaCl (P < 0.05). The colony count on Ashdown's agar and bacterial viability assay using the LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ stain combined with flow cytometry showed that B. pseudomallei remained culturable and viable in the control soil microcosms for at least 120 days. In contrast, soil with 1.5% NaCl affected their culturability at day 90 and their viability at day 120. Our results suggested that a low salinity and iron may influence the survival of B. pseudomallei and its ability to change from a rod-like to coccoid form. The morphological changes of B. pseudomallei cells may be advantageous for their persistence in the environment and may increase the risk of their transmission to humans.

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Survival, Sublethal Injury, and Recovery of Environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil Subjected to Desiccation

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia

Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia

Melioidosis Diagnostic Workshop, 20131

Morphological Alteration and Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil Microcosms

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