Survey on Issues and Recent Advances in Vehicular Public-Key Infrastructure (VPKI)

Khan, Salabat; Luo, Fei; Zhang, Zijian; Rahim, Mussadiq Abdul; Ahmad, Mubashir; Wu, Kaishun

doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3178081

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Several prior surveys ( [3], [6], [8], [9], [10], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], and [19]) have reviewed security and privacy issues concerning vehicular communication. In particular, the authors in [12] review the security capabilities of IEEE 802.11p and LTE technologies for V2X, including an overview of potential threats and a coarse-grained classification of solutions into cryptography-based, behavior-based and identity-based.…”

Section: B Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of [17] discuss vehicular network security only from the perspective of ML-based approaches. Another survey in [18] focuses solely on security and privacy aspects of public-key infrastructure regarding vehicular communication. The authors of [19] present an overview of security and privacy aspects of beyond-5G and 6G technologies for IoV.…”

Section: B Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar direction, the works in [44], [208], [209] implement and evaluate PKI-based approaches for secure vehicular communication. Furthermore, the authors of [18] present an extensive review of vehicular PKI schemes, including different architectures adopted (e.g., ETSI ITS and IEEE 1609.2) and evaluation metrics (e.g., trust, security, privacy, and availability). Also, the study provides classifications for existing vehicular PKI schemes (e.g., SCMS [44], PRESERVE [204], VeSPA [208], SEROSA [209]) based on PKI-based solutions yield strong security while providing message authentication, data integrity, non-repudiation, and group-based communication, albeit exhibiting performance drawbacks.…”

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The baseline requirements of V2X information security, e.g., availability, authenticity and integrity, can be achieved using cryptography-based approaches. Although the major standards developing organizations (e.g., IEEE, SAE and ETSI) have converged to the use of digital signatures and PKI, there is a lack of practical evaluations and benchmarking for V2X applications [18]. We note in related literature several works [44], [170], [208], [209] on experimental assessment (e.g., prototype/testbed, simulation) of vehicular PKI; however, such evaluations have been performed under limited operating conditions.…”

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Survey of V2X Cybersecurity Mechanisms and Future Research Paths

Sedar

Kalalas

Vázquez-Gallego

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Recent advancements in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication have notably improved existing transport systems by enabling increased connectivity and driving autonomy levels. The remarkable benefits of V2X connectivity come inadvertently with challenges which involve security vulnerabilities and breaches. Addressing security concerns is essential for seamless and safe operation of mission-critical V2X use cases. This paper surveys current literature on V2X security and provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the most relevant security enhancements to date. An in-depth classification of V2X attacks is first performed according to key security and privacy requirements. Our methodology resumes with a taxonomy of security mechanisms based on their proactive/reactive defensive approach, which helps identify strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art countermeasures for V2X attacks. In addition, this paper delves into the potential of emerging security approaches leveraging artificial intelligence tools to meet security objectives. Promising data-driven solutions tailored to tackle security, privacy and trust issues are thoroughly discussed along with new threat vectors introduced inevitably by these enablers. The lessons learned from the detailed review of existing works are also compiled and highlighted. We conclude this survey with a structured synthesis of open challenges and future research directions to foster contributions in this prominent field.

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Section: B Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Survey of V2X Cybersecurity Mechanisms and Future Research Paths

Sedar

Kalalas

Vázquez-Gallego

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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show abstract

“…14 In this context, bio-inspired algorithms-based clustering is determined to result in the minimization of clusters count for guaranteeing optimal cluster head (CH) selection that aids in attaining rapid V2V communication in VANETs to improve network lifetime. 15 It also plays an anchor role in handling the issues of data aggregation, bandwidth optimization, topological stability, and delay mitigation in VANETs. Moreover, hybrid bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm was identified to facilitate extra benefit of balancing the trade-off between exploration and exploitation during the process of CHs which is subsequently followed by minimized cluster construction process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intelligent hybrid prairie dog optimization algorithm‐based stable cluster reliable routing scheme for VANETs

Nithyanandam,

Ambiyaram,

Prabathkumar

2023

Int J Communication

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SummaryVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is most significant for supporting intelligent transportation system (ITS)‐based technologies, but it gets hurdled by sparse distribution of vehicles on highways, and dynamically challenging topology that arises due to increase in traffic. Hence, energy stable and optimized cluster construction maximizes the network lifetime. In this paper, Hybrid Prairie Dogs and Beluga Whale Optimization‐based Node Clustering (HPDBWOA‐NC) mechanism is proposed with the parameters of highway route, node velocity, number of vehicular nodes, and communication for achieving stable cluster construction in VANETs. It is proposed with the balanced exploration and exploitation potential of Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm (PDOA) and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) for establishing optimal clusters that increase the network stability during the routing process. It integrated the exploration and exploitation capabilities of PDOA and BWOA and confirmed better optimized clusters which confirmed reliable data delivery by preventing the issue of premature convergence. It constructed clusters and selected cluster heads (CHs) depending on the fitness factors of energy, interdistance between vehicles, communication range, and vehicular density. The results of the proposed HPDBWOA‐NC generated optimal number of CHs in the network which is comparatively 34.21% better than the benchmarked mechanisms. The mean throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) achieved by the proposed HPDBWOA‐NC are identified to be significantly improved by 25.48% and 28.91% better than the investigated metaheuristic clustering protocols. The statistical study also guaranteed an increased factor of 81, during the processing of optimizing the clusters during the employment of ITS applications in VANETs.

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From Standard to Practice: Towards ISA/IEC 62443-Conform Public Key Infrastructures

Heinl,

Pursche,

Puch

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Public key infrastructures (PKIs) are a cornerstone for the security of modern information systems. They also offer a wide range of security mechanisms to industrial automation and control systems (IACS) and can represent an important building block for concepts like zero trust architectures and defense in depth. Hence, the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards addresses the PKI paradigm, but there is little practical guidance on how to actually apply it to an IACS. This paper analyzes ISA/IEC 62443 for explicit and implicit requirements regarding PKI deployment to provide a guideline for developing and operating a standard-conform PKI. For this purpose, the analyzed requirements and IACS-specific constraints are combined with current research and best practices. To assess its viability, a tangible PKI use case is implemented in a test environment. The evaluation of this use case shows that common IACS components are capable of supporting PKI, but that important features are missing. For instance, the handling of PKI turns out to be time-consuming and involves many manual operations, a potential factor to render large-scale operations impractical at this point in time.

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Survey on Issues and Recent Advances in Vehicular Public-Key Infrastructure (VPKI)

Cited by 39 publications

References 147 publications

A Comprehensive Survey of V2X Cybersecurity Mechanisms and Future Research Paths

A Comprehensive Survey of V2X Cybersecurity Mechanisms and Future Research Paths

An intelligent hybrid prairie dog optimization algorithm‐based stable cluster reliable routing scheme for VANETs

From Standard to Practice: Towards ISA/IEC 62443-Conform Public Key Infrastructures

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