Surveillance of drug resistance tuberculosis based on reference laboratory data in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Both passive and active surveillance of drug resistance have an important role in tuberculosis (TB) control program. Surveillance data are important to estimate the magnitude of drug resistance TB, to know the trend of the disease, assess the performance of the program, and to forecast diagnosis and treatment supplies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and the proportion of drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia based on passively collected data. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and seven Regional TB laboratories in Ethiopia on a retrospective data collected from July 2017 to June, 2018. Data were collected by standardized checklist from TB culture laboratory registration book. Percentage of recovery rate, contamination rate, and prevalence of drug resistance TB were determined by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Result Of 10 134 TB suspected individuals included into this analysis, 1183 (11.7%) were culture positive. The overall contamination proportion was 5.3% and nontuberculous mycobacteria proportion was 0.98%. First-line drug susceptibility test was performed for 329 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, and the proportion of resistance was 5.7 and 6.3% for isoniazid and rifampicin respectively. The proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 4.3% in new patients, while 6.7% in previously treated patients. However, there was no category for 0.6% patients, and the overall proportion of MDR-TB was 11.6%. Conclusions The result of this study indicated that MDR-TB is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. Thus, strengthen prevention and control program is vital to halt the burden of drug resistant TB in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0554-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> among Tuberculosis Patients Admitted to Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

“…The proportion of MDR among new cases of the present study was 41 (1.8%) while among previously admitted cases were 159 (6.8%). Similar studies elsewhere in Ethiopia revealed that the proportion of MDR-TB was 4.3% in new patients and 6.7% in previously treated patients [21], 2.18% in newly diagnosed and 21.07% and previously treated patients [22], 2% of new cases and 17% among previously treated patients [23], 2.3% among new cases and 13.9 % among previously treated cases [24] and 2.3% among new and 17.8% among previously treated patients [25]. It is to be noted that 20 years ago, reports showed that the prevalence of MDR-TB was almost nil or 1% in different parts of Ethiopia [26].…”

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The highest monoresistance to INH drug from newly diagnosed PTB patients were reported from different parts of the country [ 7 – 9 ]. In a retrospective study, a relatively similar INH mono resistance was reported from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and the seven Regional Laboratories in Ethiopia [ 24 ]. The relatively high proportion of INH resistance compared with RIF in our study could be due to the common use of INH for a longer time because it is cheap, effective and has a lower rate of adverse events [ 25 ].…”

“…However, our result was in line with previous studies in our country [ 8 , 9 , 30 , 31 ]. High MDR-TB (4.3%) prevalence was reported from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and the seven Regional Laboratories among newly diagnosed TB patients [ 24 ]. This may be due to variation in sample size and studied population.…”

Comparing the impact of genotypic based diagnostic algorithm on time to treatment initiation and treatment outcomes among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Amhara region, Ethiopia

“…The crisis of DR-TB progressively jeopardizes the TB control program in Ethiopia. Based on the 2017/2018 Ethiopian national TB reference laboratory data, the proportion of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 11.6% [ 3 ].…”