Surtos de conidiobolomicose ovina por Conidiobolus lamprauges no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil

Peixoto, Tiago da Cunha; Lima, Eliene Barbosa; Farias, Soraya Santos de; Ferreira, Margareth Moura; Macêdo, A. G. C.; Nakazato, Luciano; Pescador, Caroline Argenta; D’Avila, Mariana Sequeira; Nogueira, Vivian A.; Madureira, Karina Medici

doi:10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm018017

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Respiratory changes found through physical examination, such as the presence of bloody nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea, and exophthalmos, as well as macroscopic pathological changes observed in the nasal cavity, indicated rhinopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis. The presence of lesions in the lungs and the central nervous system, as described in this report, has also been described in the literature [10,11]. A study performed in Piauí, Brazil, reported lesions in the meninges and frontal region of the brain in 65% of the animals evaluated, with pulmonary involvement in 45% of them [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The etiological agents are highly pathogenic fungi of the genus Conidiobolus, which includes the species Conidiobolus coronatus, C. Incongruus, and C. lamprageus [14]. These fungi are found more frequently in regions with tropical or subtropical climates and high humidity [2,11]. Infection can occur by inhalation of conidia present in the environment or by inoculation of microlesions in the nostrils, without horizontal transmission [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of conidiobolomycosis in Brazil has been reported to have increased from 0.1% in 2012 to 17.2% in 2016, and the reported lethality is always high, often reaching 100% [18]. In Brazil, the disease has been described in the states of Mato Grosso [4,16], Santa Catarina [6], Piauí [15], Pernambuco [8], Paraíba [12], Rio Grande do Sul [9] and Bahia [11]. In the Northeast region, this disease is particularly important considering the significant impact sheep and goats have on the regional economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conidiobolomycosis in Ovine in Southeast Bahia - Brazil

Silva

Filho

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Conidiobolomycosis is a highly lethal, granulomatous disease that primarily affects the respiratory system of sheep. The etiological agents are fungi of the genus Conidiobolus, including Conidiobolus coronatus, C. incongruus, and C. lamprageus. In Northeast Brazil, this disease is particularly important considering the significant impact sheep and goats have on the regional economy. The present report describes the occurrence of conidiobolomycosis in two sheep from the same property in the Itabuna-BA region that were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil. Case: The primary complaint in both animals was bilateral bloody nasal discharge over a period of approximately 15 days and frequent coughing. On physical examination, the animals exhibited “goosebumps” and opaque hair, with a body score of 1 (scale, 1-5), mild dehydration (7%), apathy, frequent cough with putrid odor, bilateral serosanguinolent nasal discharge, craniofacial asymmetry, expiratory dyspnea, enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, audible pulmonary rales, and pain on percussion of the pulmonary field. A therapeutic support protocol was established to stabilize the animals until the results of complete blood count, radiography, and microbiological evaluation of nasal content were available. Definitive diagnosis of disease was made by direct positive mycological examination, that revealed the presence of wide rarely septate hyphae, and isolation and cultivation of the fungus Conidiobolus sp., with microculture on slides and staining with lactophenol blue cotton. Due to disease diagnosis and the severity of injuries observed, the prognoses of both animals were considered to be unfavorable and led to euthanasia and necropsy. At necropsy, the most relevant findings were granulomatous rhinitis with ascending inflammatory processes to the meninges and adjacent structures, in addition to cranioventral areas of pulmonary consolidation with drainage of purulent exudate at the cut surface, suggestive of bronchopneumonia. Histopathology revealed intense pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with the presence of hyphae in negative images within the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells in the nasal cavity, lungs, meninges, and brain. Discussion: The association of necropsy findings, histopathological changes, and microbiological isolation of the fungus facilitated understanding of the changes observed in the respiratory system and other organs, and enabled correlation between the recorded lesions and clinical manifestations exhibited by the animals. Based on the lesions observed clinically and at necropsy, both cases were diagnosed with rhinopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis. The histopathological and macroscopic changes observed were similar to what are often described in severe cases of the disease. Considering the severity of the disease and its high lethality in these animals, conidiobolomycosis can lead to significant damage of the production chain; this was observed in the present property, where three animals in a herd of 20 died with signs of the disease, highlighting the importance of the disease, particularly in the Northeast region, where the largest flocks of sheep are found in Brazil. The implementation of prophylactic measures is particularly important considering the unfavorable prognosis and the absence of effective treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conidiobolomycosis in Ovine in Southeast Bahia - Brazil

Silva

Filho

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…1 Also, decaying vegetation around ponds provides ideal conditions for the growth of saprobes, including Conidiobolus spp. 1 These climate and environmental conditions in some Brazilian tropical wet and semiarid regions may explain why conidiobolomycosis has being reported mainly in Brazil 7,9,44,50,53,55,60,61,70 and rarely in other countries. 11,45,57…”

Section: Conidiobolomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 In Brazil, conidiobolomycosis in sheep was misdiagnosed as enzootic ethmoidal tumor until 2007. 60 Conidiobolomycosis has been reported in sheep in midwestern 7,70 and northeastern 9,44,50,53,55,60,61 Brazil, with a morbidity of up to 6% and a lethality of 100%. Sporadic cases have been also reported in southern Brazil 22,48 and in Uruguay.…”

Section: Conidiobolomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review

Carmo

Uzal

Pedroso³

et al. 2020

J VET Diagn Invest

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We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.

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Nasal Cryptococcosis Caused by Cryptococcus gattii in Sheep in Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

Macêdo

Peixoto

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal systemic mycosis that can affect several animal species. The disease is caused by the yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases or debilitating factors. In Brazil, cryptococcosis in ruminants has been described in several states, but there have been only two instances of infection in sheep. Until the present, cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has only been reported in goats. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, a case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattiiin a sheep in the state of Bahia.Case: The disease affected a 4-year-old Santa Inês sheep, created in extensive system in the municipality of Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brazil. The animal presented weight loss, with an asymmetric volume increase in the right nasal cavity, accompanied by dyspnea and bloody nasal discharge. Samples of the tumor mass were collected for cytological analysis of yeast structures compatible with Cryptococcus spp. After cytological diagnosis, the sheep was sent to the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia. On physical examination, there was a large and firm irregular mass, strongly adhering to the right nasal cavity and causing facial asymmetry. Surgical removal was attempted, but a marked infiltrative character of the lesion was observed, with extensive tissue destruction. Owing to the unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia was carried out followed by necropsy, in which a large irregular mass was observed that almost completely obliterated the right nasal cavity. Resorption of the right nasal bone and the dorsal and middle nasal turbinates was also observed. Fragments of the nasal lesion were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Mayer's mucicarmine. Samples of this lesion were sent for molecular characterization of the etiologic agent by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The histopathological evaluation showed hundreds of generally colorless rounded yeasts cells composed of a clear halo, surrounding a slightly basophilic structure, giving the tissue a vacuolated aspect, known as a “soap bubble lesion” There was also intense inflammatory infiltration and extensive areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, which allowed the morphological diagnosis of diffuse granulomatous rhinitis marked with intralesional yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus spp. Additionally, PCR was positive for C. gattii.Discussion: A case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii in sheep in the state of Bahia is described for the first time, diagnosed using clinical-epidemiological, cytological, anatomopathological, and molecular data. Airborne infection occurs by inhaling encapsulated spores present in organic matter, such as decomposing vegetables and bird and bat excreta as observed on the farm where the outbreak occurred. It is important to highlight that sheep and goats affected by cryptococcosis can contaminate the environment, and it is prudent to consider animals with the disease as a risk to public health and eliminate them from the herd, given the costs of the few therapeutic options available on the market. It should be noted that in cases of tumor lesions, which are common in cryptococcosis, cytological examination should be recommended, mainly for screening and distinguishing neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. However, anatomopathological and molecular evaluations are essential for the differential diagnosis of other mycotic rhinitis, in particular, conidiobolomycosis and nasal pythiosis.

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Surtos de conidiobolomicose ovina por Conidiobolus lamprauges no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Conidiobolomycosis in Ovine in Southeast Bahia - Brazil

Conidiobolomycosis in Ovine in Southeast Bahia - Brazil

Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review

Nasal Cryptococcosis Caused by Cryptococcus gattii in Sheep in Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

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