“…Addressing these matters, a substantial number of research were conducted on the multidirectional problems caused by reality shock over the past several decades (e.g., Betts, 2006;Caires, Almeida, & Martins, 2010;Chubbuck, 2008;Haggarty & Postlethwaite, 2009;Hagger, Mutton, & Burn, 2011;Hobson & Ashby, 2012;Horn, 1966). In recent years, studies on reality shock have increasingly been focused on pre-service teachers (Chong, Low, & Goh, 2011;Gibbs, 2002).…”