The application of surfactant flooding for enhanced oil
recovery
(EOR) promotes hydrocarbon recovery through reduction of oil–water
interfacial tension and alteration of oil-wet rock wettability into
the water-wet state. Unfortunately, surfactant depletion in porous
media, due to surfactant molecule adsorption and retention, adversely
affects oil recovery, thus increasing the cost of the surfactant flooding
process. Chemical-based materials are normally used as inhibitors
or sacrificial agents to minimize surfactant adsorption, but they
are quite expensive and not environmentally friendly. Plant-based
materials (henna extracts) are far more sustainable because they are
obtained from natural sources. However, there is limited research
on the application of henna extracts as inhibitors to reduce dynamic
adsorption of the surfactant in porous media and improve oil recovery
from such media. Thus, henna extracts were introduced as an eco-friendly
and low-cost sacrificial agent for minimizing the static and dynamic
adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto quartz sand in this
study. Results showed that the extent of surfactant adsorption was
inversely proportional to the henna extract concentration, and the
adsorption of the henna extract onto the quartz surface was a multilayer
adsorption that followed the Freundlich isotherm model. Precisely,
the henna extract adsorption on quartz sand is in the range of 3.12–4.48
mg/g (for static adsorption) and 5.49–6.73 mg/g (for dynamic
adsorption), whereas the SDS adsorption on quartz sand was obtained
as 2.11 and 4.79 mg/g at static and dynamic conditions, respectively.
In the presence of 8000 mg/L henna extract, SDS static and dynamic
adsorption was significantly reduced by 64 and 82%, respectively.
At the same conditions, the residual oil recovery increased by 9.2%
over normal surfactant flooding. The study suggests that the use of
henna extracts as a sacrificial agent during SDS flooding could result
in the reduction of static and dynamic adsorption of surfactant molecules
on quartz sand, thus promoting hydrocarbon recovery from sandstone
formations.