Surfactant-assisted doctor-blading-printed FAPbBr3 films for efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have generated wide interest due to the rapid development of their photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. However, the majority of the reported devices have been fabricated via spin coating with a device area of < 1 cm 2. In this study, we fabricated a wide-bandgap formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr 3) film using a cost-effective, high-yielding doctor-blade-coating process. The effects of different surfactants, such as l-α-phosphatidylcholine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied during the printing process. Accompanying the optimization of the blading temperature, crystal sizes of over 10 mm and large-area perovskite films of 5 cm  5 cm were obtained using this method. The printed FAPbBr 3 solar cells exhibited a short-circuit current density of 8.22 mA/cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 1.175 V, and an efficiency of 7.29%. Subsequently, we replaced the gold with silver nanowires as the top electrode to prepare a semitransparent perovskite solar cell with an average transmittance (400-800 nm) of 25.42%, achieving a highpower efficiency of 5.11%. This study demonstrates efficient doctor-blading printing for preparing large-area FAPbBr 3 films that possess high potential for applications in building integrated photovoltaics.

Thin‐Metal‐Film‐Based Transparent Conductors: Material Preparation, Optical Design, and Device Applications

“…Perovskite solar cells have attracted great research interest in recent years by their large carrier mobility, long carrier lifetime, adjustable bandgap, low‐cost manufacturing process, high power conversion efficiency (PCE), and great commercialization potential. [ 224–234 ] So far, a majority of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells are based on electrodes using transparent conductive oxides such as ITO and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO). However, thin‐metal‐film‐based electrodes have gained increased attention for flexible and lightweight device applications.…”

Recent Progress on Advanced Optical Structures for Emerging Photovoltaics and Photodetectors

“…To realize semitransparency in OPVs and PSCs, one can manipulate the coverage, [ 35–43,161–163 ] thickness, [ 10–17,44–48,164,165 ] or bandgap of the active layer [ 2,8,9,18–24,49,50,166–168 ] or replace the opaque metal electrode with light‐transmitting media (e.g., metal nanowires, [ 44,46,51–56,169–171 ] transparent conducting oxides, [ 43,57–61,167,168,172–180 ] transparent conducting polymers, [ 40,62,63,181–184 ] graphene, [ 54,64,164,185 ] and carbon nanotube [ 65,186–188 ] ). Although the most convenient way to fabricate an ST‐PV is to decrease the thickness of the top metal electrode and, thereby, increase its transparency, [ 35,39,40,47,58,66–72,124 ] there is always a trade‐off between conductivity and transparency.…”

“…Plot of PCE with respect to AVT for ST‐OPVs and ST‐PSCs reported in the literature. [ 1,9–12,15,17,18,20–22,24,33–110 ] …”

Assessing the Impact of Ambient Fabrication Temperature on the Performance of Planar CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

“…To date, the most common method of perovskite solar cells fabrication on the laboratory scale is spin coating. [11][12][13] Other approaches include dip-coating, [14] drop casting, [15] doctor blade [16,17] and evaporation. [18] Improving the performance and understanding of perovskite based solar cells requires that results be reproducible.…”

“…To date, the most common method of perovskite solar cells fabrication on the laboratory scale is spin coating [11–13] . Other approaches include dip‐coating, [14] drop casting, [15] doctor blade [16,17] and evaporation [18] …”