Surface stress of graphene layers supported on soft substrate

Du, Feng; Huang, Jianyong; Duan, Huiling; Xiong, Chunyang; Wang, Jianxiang

doi:10.1038/srep25653

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This indicates that pinning is occurred at the edge of the droplet. This is attributed to that the graphene is bent out of the graphene plane at the triple point of graphene, liquid, and air due to the relatively high surface tension at the triple point …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing the bias voltage with time, the permeated tiny liquid droplets (graphene blisters) spread and are merged underneath the graphene. This develops a significant stress at the graphene blisters and causes to initiate the fracture of the graphene at the weakest bonding sites such as pentagon-hexagon bonding sites or impurity sites. ,,− This study shows that the intercalation of water under graphene at the triple point is effectively controlled by applying a bias voltage. And at the same time, physical or chemical modification (oxidation) can be occurred according to the bias polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This is attributed to that the graphene is bent out of the graphene plane at the triple point of graphene, liquid, and air due to the relatively high surface tension at the triple point. 37 As the applied bias voltage increases, the contact angles of the electrolyte drops on graphene decrease as well as the radius of the liquid electrolyte increases as shown in Figure 3a. When the magnitude of the bias voltage is less than 2 V, the contact angle variation is relatively small and symmetric.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Scalable Graphene Electro-Patterning, Functionalization, and Printing

Park

Choi

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Scalable direct graphene patterning and functionalization approaches, which are essential to harness the excellent physical properties of graphene for various biological, chemical, electronic, and optical device applications, are demonstrated in this study. These are achieved by employing simple scalable affordable electrochemical methods. First, graphene was patterned and functionalized in multiple concentric ring shapes and this is realized by controlling the liquid droplet size and the polarity of the applied bias voltage, respectively. Second, the pattern transfer from a mask to graphene is also conducted with assistance of a photoresist (PR) pattern on graphene. The unprotected graphene by the PR was etched by the electrochemical process. Finally, the direct pattern writing on graphene is demonstrated by dragging a liquid droplet at a bias voltage. This maskless direct patterning process of graphene can be extended to a large scale graphene patterning by employing a computerized xyz translation stage like an inkjet printer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scalable Graphene Electro-Patterning, Functionalization, and Printing

Park

Choi

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The deformation of the soft material was observed in the previous study. [45] The contact angle relative to the horizon at the pinning of the micropillar can be considered as the summation of the advancing contact angle for the smooth surface and the 90° as shown in Figure 8b. For that, we should assume that the liquid-solid interface is pinned at the sidewall of the micropillar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Criterion of the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel Wetting Modes and the Effect of Elastic Substrates on It

Park

Ribe

Fernandino

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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angle and a low contact angle hysteresis or a tilting angle. Several research groups have attempted to mimic these properties by creating artificial self-cleaning surfaces. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Feng et al. achieved a high apparent contact angle (166°) and a low tilting angle (≈3°) by fabricating aligned carbon nanotubes. [22] Liu et al. showed that the surface becomes super repellent against the liquid in low surface tension by texturing the doubly reentrant structure. [28] Despite the achievement of fabrication for the surface with the desired wettability, there is still a question about how the rough surface affects the contact angle. There is a well-known diagram which is called the Kao diagram, about the relation about how the rough surface affects contact angle compared with the flat surface with the same substance. [30] It was reported that hydrophilic state can be more hydrophilic and hydrophobic state can be more hydrophobic in rough surfaces. However, it was reported that the hydrophilic surface in the flat surface can be superhydrophilic if the surface is rough enough with three tiers of structures. [25] It has been observed that the number of the tiers of roughness can determine the wettability by Frankiewicz et al. It seems like that there is still open space to understand how the contact angle can be controlled by the roughness of the surface. About the challenges, they were suggested in terms of the optimization of the artificially textured surface for controlling and understanding the wettability. [31] First focus of this study is understanding how the wettability can be controlled by microstructures across the Cassie-Wenzel transition. As an attempt to understand the effect of the roughness of the surface on the contact angle, quantitative approaches with controlled geometrical parameters and simple structures could be valuable. By us and others, microstructured surfaces with well-defined parameters have been studied. [24][25]28] In particular, we have shown that the apparent contact angle and contact angle hysteresis are directly dependent on the height and center-to-center distance for the conical microstructures. [24] Recently, Wang et al. reported that the theoretical model can predict the apparent contact angle of superhydrophobic surfaces consisting microstructures armour and nanostructures. [1] However, it would be important to advance not only the model for predicting apparent contact angle in the Cassie-Baxter state or Wenzel state, but also the condition for the Cassie-Wenzel transition. The model for the Cassie-Wenzel transition was suggested based on the solid roughness and the contact line Controlling the wettability using microstructures has been studied because of many applications. In particular, bio-mimetic microstructures modeled after the self-cleaning properties of the lotus leaf have been extensively studied. Despite many studies successfully achieving the fabrication of superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic surfaces through the manipulation of microstructures, the effect o...

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] To date, the study on wetting transparency has primarily focused on the wetting behavior of graphene on solid substrates. [8,7,9,15,22,25] Nevertheless, from the viewpoint of applications, it is even more appealing when the substrate is a liquid instead of a solid. By flowing different liquids underneath the graphene, the wettability of the graphene can be tuned in real time, which is highly desirable in many applications, for example, water harvesting [26] and multifunctional droplet microfluidic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetting Transparency of Single‐Layer Graphene on Liquid Substrates

Yang,

Thompson,

McQuain

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Graphene's wetting transparency offers promising avenues for creating multifunctional devices by allowing real‐time wettability control on liquid substrates via the flow of different liquids beneath graphene. Despite its potential, direct measurement of floating graphene's wettability remains a challenge, hindering the exploration of these applications. The current study develops an experimental methodology to assess the wetting transparency of single‐layer graphene on liquid substrates. By employing contact angle measurements and Neumann's Triangle model, the challenge of evaluating the wettability of floating free‐suspended single‐layer graphene has been addressed. The research reveals that for successful contact angle measurements, the testing and substrate liquids must be immiscible. Using diiodomethane as the testing liquid and ammonium persulfate solution as liquid substrate, the study demonstrates the near‐complete wetting transparency of graphene. Furthermore, it successfully showcases the feasibility of real‐time wettability control using graphene on liquid substrates. This work not only advances the understanding of graphene's interaction with liquid interfaces but also suggests a new avenue for the development of multifunctional materials and devices by exploiting the unique wetting transparency of graphene.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Surface stress of graphene layers supported on soft substrate

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Scalable Graphene Electro-Patterning, Functionalization, and Printing

Scalable Graphene Electro-Patterning, Functionalization, and Printing

The Criterion of the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel Wetting Modes and the Effect of Elastic Substrates on It

Wetting Transparency of Single‐Layer Graphene on Liquid Substrates

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