Lee; Fridkin, V.M.; Petukhova, N.N.; and Yudin, S.G., "Phase transition in the surface structure in copolymer films of vinylidene fluoride (70%) with trifluoroethylene (30%)" (2000). Surface structures and a surface structure phase transition are identified that are distinct from the known bulk ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of crystalline copolymer films of vinylidene fluoride ͑70%͒ with trifluoroethylene ͑30%͒. The temperature-dependent changes in the surface structure are accompanied by the physical rotation of the polar group ͑CH 2 -CF 2 ͒. These changes in the surface structure are compared to the bulk phase transition. We show that the bulk structural transition, while distinct from the surface, is qualitatively similar in both thick and thin Langmuir-Blodgett-grown films.

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