Surface Properties and Mixed Micellization of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Ethyleneamines

Abstract

Herein, we report the surface properties and mixed micellization of cationic gemini surfactants (butanediyl-1,4-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide), pentanediyl-1,5-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide), and hexanediyl-1,6-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide), respectively referred to as 16-4-16, 16-5-16, and 16-6-16) in the presence of different mole fractions of ethyleneamines (ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and tetraethylenepentamine) at 303 K. The surface properties (critical micelle concentration (CMC), C 20 (surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN • m -1 ), Γ max (maximum surface excess), A min (minimum surface area per molecule), and interaction parameter β (for mixed monolayer formation at the aqueous solution/air interface (β σ ) and for mixed micelle formation in aqueous medium (β m )) are reported. A synergistic effect has been observed in all instances that were found to be correlated with the chain length of ethyleneamines. The CMC values of 16-s-16 decreased with increasing amine concentrations, and the extent of the effect followed the sequence: tetraethylenepentamine > triethylenetetramine > diethylenetriamine > ethylenediamine and 16-6-16 > 16-5-16 > 16-4-16. The standard Gibbs energies of adsorption (∆G ads 0 ) and the excess free energies of micellization (∆G ex ) of 16-s-16 with the amines were also evaluated.

Effect of spacer length on the micellization and interfacial behavior of mixed alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) Gemini homologues

“…In line with the earlier reports [37,52], the cmc of 16-6-16 is found more than that of the other two Geminis. The cmc's of the pure surfactants agree well with the literature values [23,[53][54][55].…”

Synergistic Adsorption and Flotation of New Mixed Cationic/Nonionic Collectors on Muscovite

“…Based on the regular solution theory [28,29], the nature and strength of the interaction between two components can be ascertained by calculating β parameters (including β m , the interaction parameter for mixed micelle formation in an aqueous solution, and β σ , the interaction parameter for mixed adsorption film formation at the air/water interface). Notably, the β value only reflects the molecular interactions between the head groups of two surfactants at the interface or in micelles.…”

Investigations on zwitterionic alkylsulfobetaines and nonionic triton X-100 in mixed aqueous solutions: Effect on size, phase separation and mixed micellar characteristics

“…This refers to noninteractive ideal solution behaviour. In general, for binary mixtures of different mole fractions, an associative interaction leading to synergism depicts an increase in π CMC [50] . For the pure zwitterionic surfactants, n = 1 is used to calculate surface excess (Γ max ), which showed almost constant values for different binary mixtures comprising TX-100 and zwitterionic surfactants.…”

“…In case of binary mixtures of TX-100 + C n PS, the values of A min are less than that of pure individual components, which is in agreement to the measured surface excess data. Based on Rosen's approach [49,50], the interfacial compositions (X 1 0 ) and interfacial interaction parameter (β 0 ) between two surfactants at the Langmurian monolayer were determined. Similar to the derivation of Rubingh's equation [19], the mole fraction of surfactant TX-100 in solution is related to its mole fraction in mixed monolayer (X 1 0 ) and, X 0…”