Effect of spacer length on the micellization and interfacial behavior of mixed alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) Gemini homologues

m-s-m Cationic Gemini and Zwitterionic Surfactants–Spacer-Dependent Synergistic Interactions

“…Zwitterionic and gemini surfactants have many unique and interesting properties, and as a result, mixtures of these two surfactants could prove beneficial in many commercial and industrial applications. , Surprisingly, there have been few studies presented in the literature involving mixtures of zwitterionic and gemini surfactants. There have, however, been numerous reports on mixtures involving gemini surfactants with ionic and nonionic conventional surfactants. − Overall, binary mixtures of gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants have a greater probability of displaying synergism than mixed systems involving conventional surfactants with other conventional surfactants. − For example, Bakshi et al have reported the existence of synergistic interactions in some mixtures of cationic geminis with conventional cationic surfactants despite the fact that structurally similar surfactants typically mix in an ideal fashion. , In light of these findings, the authors determined that studies focusing on mixed systems of gemini surfactants with zwitterionic surfactants would provide a clearer understanding of the role that headgroup and tail moieties play in synergistic interactions.…”

m-s-m cationic gemini and zwitterionic surfactants – a thermodynamic analysis of their mixed micelle formation

“…Although there have been numerous reports on synergism in mixtures involving gemini surfactants with ionic and non-ionic conventional surfactants, 31,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] there are only a few reports in the literature where a detailed thermodynamic analysis of synergistically interacting surfactant systems have been carried out calorimetrically. 46,49,[58][59][60] In this paper, the thermodynamics of the mixed micellization process for three sets of mixed zwitterionic/cationic gemini systems have been obtained using titration calorimetry (ITC).…”