Surface Modifying Doped Silicon Nanowire Based Solar Cells for Applications in Biosensing

Abstract

ADP -ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, antiPSA -monoclonal antibodies specific for PSA, APTES -(3 aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, BSF -back surface field, BSA -bovine serum albumin, DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid, EDC -1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, ELISA -Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, EQE -external quantum efficiency, FET-field effect transistors, MACEmetal assisted chemical etching, , NW -nanowire, PBS -Phosphate Buffered Saline, PC -Prostate cancer, PCR -polymerase chain reaction, pI-Isoelectric point, PSA-prostate specific antigen, SiNW -Silicon nanowire, SiNW-FET -silicon nanowire field effect transistors, SiNW-SC -Silicon nanowire based solar cells, sNHS -N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, VLS CVD-vapor liquid solid chemical vapor deposition.

Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

“…In this manuscript, we present results on a scalable bioelectronic sensor platform, which converts the binding of target biomolecules to electrical signals in a rapid and compact formfactor, enabling POC testing of viruses, such as COVID-19, by minimally trained individuals qualifying it for eventual CLIA waiver certification. Our biosensor architecture is based on silicon nanowires (SiNWs) that various teams [ 19 , 20 ] including ours [ 21 ] have demonstrated to have higher sensitivity than planar Si biosensors because of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the SiNWs. However, not all SiNWs-based biosensors are suited for COVID-19 detection, because their manufacturing steps are not complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible while also being low-yield, slow, and require high-cost equipment [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ].…”

Developments and opportunities in continuous biopharmaceutical manufacturing

“…More extensive assessment of CQAs will require more extensive measurements. Recent efforts include: 1) a combination of refractive index and multiple spectroscopic detectors, 140 analyzed using a multivariate partial least squares regression model; 2) label-free inline detection of product aggregates using hydrogel-encapsulated NIR fluorescence nanosensors 141 and of protein impurities using sensitive and inexpensive silicon nanowire biosensors; 142 3) a continuous-flow nanofluidic device 143 for the measurement of macromolecular size, folding, and binding activity; 4) and a low-cost aptamer-based molecular turn-on assay that also monitors mAb concentration in real-time, with the ability to distinguish between native and heat-treated mAb. 144 Such innovations in sensor development are necessary not only for implementation in continuous manufacturing, but also to generate large data sets needed to improve process understanding.…”

Implications of Current and Future Approaches to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Testing

“…Silicon nanowire field-effect transistors have been previously used to provide labelfree, real-time detection of proteins [47], DNA [48] and even single virions [49]; however, issues with sensitivity in physiologically relevant substrates and high manufacturing costs has hampered furthering this technology [50]. These issues have largely been solved in a variety of ways on a laboratory scale [51][52][53], thus employing these approaches toward SARS-CoV-2 detection (protein or genetic) is possible and could result in technologies that fill an important void in the current spectrum of testing methodologies.…”