Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

Gao, Bingtao; Chávez, Roberth Anthony Rojas; Malkawi, Walla I.; Keefe, Daniel W.; Smith, Rasheid; Haim, Hillel; Salem, Aliasger K.; Toor, Fatima

doi:10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100487

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resulting vSiNW array (Figure b) confirm that the average length of the NWs is ∼500 nm. Our recent works − extensively characterize the MACE-generated vSiNWs and, for example, confirm the reproducibility of the NW lengths from the same MACE recipe batch to batch and the vSiNW-diode architecture as an effective biosensor transducer. , …”

Section: Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Our recent works 18−22 extensively characterize the MACE-generated vSiNWs and, for example, confirm the reproducibility of the NW lengths from the same MACE recipe batch to batch 19 and the vSiNW-diode architecture as an effective biosensor transducer. 21,22 The nanofabrication process steps for our vSiNW biosensor are inexpensive and scalable and are detailed in the Supporting Information, Section S.2. The electrical design of our vSiNW biosensor employs a p−n junction as its transducing element, resulting in a vSiNW-diode (Figure 2).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitive and Specific Detection of Estrogens Featuring Doped Silicon Nanowire Arrays

et al. 2022

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Estrogens and estrogen-mimicking compounds in the aquatic environment are known to cause negative impacts to both ecosystems and human health. In this initial proof-of-principle study, we developed a novel vertically oriented silicon nanowire (vSiNW) array-based biosensor for low-cost, highly sensitive and selective detection of estrogens. The vSiNW arrays were formed using an inexpensive and scalable metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process. A vSiNW array-based p−n junction diode (vSiNW-diode) transducer design for the biosensor was used and functionalized via 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-based silane chemistry to bond estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) to the surface of the vSiNWs. Following receptor conjugation, the biosensors were exposed to increasing concentrations of estradiol (E2), resulting in a well-calibrated sensor response (R 2 ≥ 0.84, 1−100 ng/mL concentration range). Fluorescence measurements quantified the distribution of estrogen receptors across the vSiNW array compared to planar Si, indicating an average of 7 times higher receptor presence on the vSiNW array surface. We tested the biosensor's target selectivity by comparing it to another estrogen (estrone [E1]) and an androgen (testosterone), where we measured a high positive electrical biosensor response after E1 exposure and a minimal response after testosterone. The regeneration capacity of the biosensor was tested following three successive rinses with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) between hormone exposure. Traditional horizontally oriented Si NW field effect transistor (hSiNW-FET)-based biosensors report electrical current changes at the nanoampere (nA) level that require bulky and expensive measurement equipment making them unsuitable for field measurements, whereas the reported vSiNW-diode biosensor exhibits current changes in the microampere (μA) range, demonstrating up to 100-fold electrical signal amplification, thus enabling sensor signal measurement using inexpensive electronics. The highly sensitive and specific vSiNW-diode biosensor developed here will enable the creation of low-cost, portable, fielddeployable biosensors that can detect estrogenic compounds in waterways in real-time.

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Section: Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitive and Specific Detection of Estrogens Featuring Doped Silicon Nanowire Arrays

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, affinity-based biosensors demonstrate high specificity in various bioreceptors, such as ssDNA, antibodies, or aptamers, improving their sensitivity [ 2 ]. Among the most popular materials applied in the COVID-19 biosensors, graphene [ 163 , 164 , 165 ], nanowires [ 166 ], gold nanoparticles [ 167 , 168 , 169 ], and gold nanoislands [ 170 ] can be listed. Another promising diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 is the chiroimmunosensor employed for other coronavirus detections from blood samples [ 171 , 172 ].…”

Section: Nanotechnology’s Role In Fighting the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Viral Surfaces in the Fight against the Spread of Coronaviruses

Kwiatkowska

Granicka

2023

Membranes

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This review is conducted against the background of nanotechnology, which provides us with a chance to effectively combat the spread of coronaviruses, and which primarily concerns polyelectrolytes and their usability for obtaining protective function against viruses and as carriers for anti-viral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and, in particular, direct anti-viral activity. This review covers nanomembranes in the form of nano-coatings or nanoparticles built of natural or synthetic polyelectrolytes––either alone or else as nanocomposites for creating an interface with viruses. There are not a wide variety of polyelectrolytes with direct activity against SARS-CoV-2, but materials that are effective in virucidal evaluations against HIV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV are taken into account as potentially active against SARS-CoV-2. Developing new approaches to materials as interfaces with viruses will continue to be relevant in the future.

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“…Previous studies demonstrated the interesting capacities of these high-sensitivity sensors based on SiNWs for the detection of low protein concentrations (Cui, 2001) (Kim et al, 2016), gas detection (Chen et al, 2012) (Ni et al, 2013) (Qin et al, 2018) (Yun et al, 2019), detection of DNA strands by nucleic acid hybridization (Cui, 2001) (Midahuen et al, 2022), bacteria (Liao et al, 2019) and SARS-CoV-2 (Gao et al, 2022). Recently, in a previous study carried out by our group, the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using inter-digitated comb resistors based on non-functionalized silicon nanowires for yes/no diagnosis was demonstrated (Le Borgne et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nanowires-based biosensors for the electrical detection of Escherichia coli

Benserhir¹,

Salaün²,

Geneste

et al. 2022

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Sensitive and Specific Detection of Estrogens Featuring Doped Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Sensitive and Specific Detection of Estrogens Featuring Doped Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Anti-Viral Surfaces in the Fight against the Spread of Coronaviruses

Silicon nanowires-based biosensors for the electrical detection of Escherichia coli

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