Surface modification of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by plasma polymerization of methylmethacrylate and its effect on the properties of PMMA/CNF nanocomposites

Abstract

This paper treats the stability of two superposed gravitating streams rotating about the axis transverse to the horizontal magnetic field. The critical wave number for instability is found to be affected by rotation for propagation perpendicular to the axis about which the system rotates. The critical wave number for instability is not affected by rotation when waves propagate along the axis of rotation. The critical wave number is affected by both the magnetic field and the streaming velocity in both cases. Both the magnetic field and the rotation are stabilizing, while the streaming velocity is destabilizing.

Surface Modification of Sodium Montmorillonite Nanoclay by Plasma Polymerization and Its Effect on the Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites

“…This study is expected to see an increase in interaction between the nanoclay modified with plasma and the matrix, when of both phases are the same. In previous studies, this polymeric coating has already been confirmed on other different nanomaterials using plasma polymerization [5,15,39].…”

“…Na + -MMT is a swelling clay with three layers, which has a great surface and an elevated capacity for cation exchange; with Na + and Ca 2+ as typical exchangeable cations, for this, it is also used to remove components in contaminated waters [6][7][8][9][10]. Other different nanostructures than clays like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), noble metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, and so forth are equally used to obtain polymeric nanocomposites [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, one of the best advantages of Na + -MMT nanoclay is that it is a material that is found in great abundance in the five continents, for which its cost-performance ratio is considerably 2 Journal of Nanomaterials low with respect to many other nanometer-scale structures [10].…”

“…It is a relatively simple, rapid, dry, and environment-friendly technique that is used to modify the surface of a great variety of materials. Even if this technique is normally used to modify the surface of different polymeric substrates, it has been used with success to modify different nanoparticles and other surfaces like zinc oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), CNTs, nanoclays [5,7,15,16,[31][32][33][34][35][36], and quartz [37,38]. Treatment with plasma can add a nanometric film that covers nanoparticles, modifying their surface properties.…”

“…Treatment with plasma can add a nanometric film that covers nanoparticles, modifying their surface properties. If the plasma modification is carried out by using a monomer (plasma polymerization), this can generate a polymeric coating like the specific polymeric matrix over the nanoparticle with a desired increase in surface interaction, promoting an improvement in the adhesion between phases and the transference of properties between them [15,16]. For example, Jarvis and Majewski [37,38] have recently investigated changing the surface of quartz particles from hydrophobic to a hydrophilic character by using plasma treatment of allylamine.…”

“…Reported works using plasma modification of nanoclays and other nanoparticles to prepare polymer composites have presented favorable improvements in particle dispersion as well as thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties [5,15,16,[39][40][41]. According to Ramos-de Valle et al, these dispersion improvements have allowed the investigation of the effects of styrene plasma modified CNFs to investigate the effects on the tensile properties of polystyrene/CNF composites [5].…”