Plasma surface-modification of cellulose nanocrystals: a green alternative towards mechanical reinforcement of ABS

Alanis, Andrés; Valdés, Josué Hernández; Guadalupe, Neira-Velázquez María; Alonso, Raúl López; Mendoza, R.; Mathew, Aji P.; León, Ramón Díaz de; Valencia, Luis

doi:10.1039/c9ra02451d

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Plasma-induced polymerization was carried out based on the experimental procedures described by Neira et al, [ 23 ] using a custom-made plasma reactor. A schematic representation of the setup is shown in our previous work [ 16 ]. For the process, 2 g of CNC were introduced to the reaction chamber, which was sealed and then subjected to a vacuum until reaching a pressure of 1.5 × 10 −1 mbar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNC provides the versatility of functionalization to make them hydrophobic, and thus more compatible with different polymers. Recently, we have demonstrated that plasma-induced polymerization appears to be an efficient strategy to surface-modify CNCs for polymer reinforcement [ 16 ]. Moreover, this technique is eco-friendly, inexpensive, and does not affect the general features of the substrate [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully Bio-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Comprising Polyfarnesene Reinforced with Plasma-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

Magaña¹,

Georgouvelas

Handa

et al. 2021

Polymers

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This article proposes a process to prepare fully bio-based elastomer nanocomposites based on polyfarnesene and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). To improve the compatibility of cellulose with the hydrophobic matrix of polyfarnesene, the surface of CNC was modified via plasma-induced polymerization, at different powers of the plasma generator, using a trans-β-farnesene monomer in the plasma reactor. The characteristic features of plasma surface-modified CNC have been corroborated by spectroscopic (XPS) and microscopic (AFM) analyses. Moreover, the cellulose nanocrystals modified at 150 W have been selected to reinforce polyfarnesene-based nanocomposites, synthesized via an in-situ coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system. The effect of the different loading content of nanocrystals on the polymerization behavior, as well as on the rheological aspects, was evaluated. The increase in the storage modulus with the incorporation of superficially modified nanocrystals was demonstrated by rheological measurements and these materials exhibited better properties than those containing pristine cellulose nanocrystals. Moreover, we elucidate that the viscoelastic moduli of the elastomer nanocomposites are aligned with power–law model systems with characteristic relaxation time scales similar to commercial nanocomposites, also implying tunable mechanical properties. In this foreground, our findings have important implications in the development of fully bio-based nanocomposites in close competition with the commercial stock, thereby producing alternatives in favor of sustainable materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Bio-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Comprising Polyfarnesene Reinforced with Plasma-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

Magaña¹,

Georgouvelas

Handa

et al. 2021

Polymers

Self Cite

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“…Device power consumption is made up of static power dissipation and dynamic power consumption. Static power dissipation mainly results from the aging process of storage hardware, and the main source of dynamic power consumption is memory data transition [90][91][92][93]. Compared with conventional silicon-based memory, memory devices with emerging memory technologies, including RRAM, PCM, FeRAM, and STT-MRAM, demonstrate less power consumption.…”

Section: Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memristive Non-Volatile Memory Based on Graphene Materials

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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Resistive random access memory (RRAM), which is considered as one of the most promising next-generation non-volatile memory (NVM) devices and a representative of memristor technologies, demonstrated great potential in acting as an artificial synapse in the industry of neuromorphic systems and artificial intelligence (AI), due its advantages such as fast operation speed, low power consumption, and high device density. Graphene and related materials (GRMs), especially graphene oxide (GO), acting as active materials for RRAM devices, are considered as a promising alternative to other materials including metal oxides and perovskite materials. Herein, an overview of GRM-based RRAM devices is provided, with discussion about the properties of GRMs, main operation mechanisms for resistive switching (RS) behavior, figure of merit (FoM) summary, and prospect extension of GRM-based RRAM devices. With excellent physical and chemical advantages like intrinsic Young’s modulus (1.0 TPa), good tensile strength (130 GPa), excellent carrier mobility (2.0 × 105 cm2∙V−1∙s−1), and high thermal (5000 Wm−1∙K−1) and superior electrical conductivity (1.0 × 106 S∙m−1), GRMs can act as electrodes and resistive switching media in RRAM devices. In addition, the GRM-based interface between electrode and dielectric can have an effect on atomic diffusion limitation in dielectric and surface effect suppression. Immense amounts of concrete research indicate that GRMs might play a significant role in promoting the large-scale commercialization possibility of RRAM devices.

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“…Other plasma applications regarding ABS substrates include plasma-deposition of nickel [ 42 ], copper [ 43 ], increasing the mechanical properties of FDM 3D-printed specimens [ 15 , 16 , 44 ], ABS nanocomposite synthesis [ 45 ], and even the 3D printing of ABS-based plasma probes [ 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important for manufacturing end products, not just prototyping. However, the size of 3D-printed products is limited due to available printer sizes and other technological limitations. For example, making furniture from 3D-printed parts and wooden elements requires adequate adhesive joints. Since materials for 3D printing usually do not bond very well with adhesives designed for woodworking, they require special surface preparation to improve adhesion. In this study, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed parts made of polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid with wood flour additive (Wood-PLA), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers were bonded to wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. The surfaces of the samples were bonded as either non-treated, sanded, plasma treated, or sanded and plasma treated to evaluate the effect of each surface preparation on the bondability of the 3D-printed surfaces. Different surface preparations affected the bond shear strength in different ways. The plasma treatment significantly reduced water contact angles on all tested printing materials and increased the bond tensile shear strength of the adhesive used. The increase in bond strength was highest for the surfaces that had been both sanded and plasma treated. The highest increase was found for the ABS material (untreated 0.05 MPa; sanded and plasma treated 4.83 MPa) followed by Wood-PLA (from 0.45 MPa to 3.96 MPa) and PLA (from 0.55 MPa to 3.72 MPa). Analysis with a scanning electron microscope showed the smooth surfaces of the 3D-printed parts, which became rougher with sanding with more protruded particles, but plasma treatment partially melted the surface structures on the thermoplastic polymer surfaces.

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Plasma surface-modification of cellulose nanocrystals: a green alternative towards mechanical reinforcement of ABS

Abstract: This article deals with the plasma-surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals and their employment as reinforcement additive of ABS.

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Fully Bio-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Comprising Polyfarnesene Reinforced with Plasma-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

Fully Bio-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Comprising Polyfarnesene Reinforced with Plasma-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

Memristive Non-Volatile Memory Based on Graphene Materials

Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive

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