Surface modification of carbon black nanoparticles enhances photothermal separation and release of CO2

Abstract

Carbon black nanoparticles (CB) were covalently modified to improve the photothermal regeneration of a CO 2 capture nanofluid through decarboxylation. Photothermal release of CO 2 addresses the high energy costs associated with regenerating capture fluids. By incorporating sulfonamides on the surface of CB, we enhance the photothermal separation of CO 2 from MEA by approximately 70% more than the unmodified CB. In contrast, with an anionic sulfonate on the surface, the total CO 2 released fell by 60%. We verified the chemical composition and structure of surface modification using complementary techniques including FT-IR, TGA, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Main Text:Nanoparticle mediated photothermal phase transitions and chemical reactions have the potential to improve many fields of energy harvesting [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The efficiency of a nanoparticle photothermal process in a liquid medium requires surface interactions between particle and solution, however these interactions have received little study. Previously, we observed that oxidized nanoparticles enhanced photothermal regeneration of an aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) CO 2 capture fluid [13]. This occurs when carbon black nanoparticles (CB) activated by light convert photo energy into thermal energy, resulting in breaking the C-N bond between CO 2 and MEA. These results show how a photothermal process might be used to drive chemical reactions in solution with high energy efficiencies. Here, we show the effect of surface modification on photothermal efficiency of regenerating MEA by releasing CO 2 . Modification of the CB surface changes the: (1) dispersability in solution, or aggregate size and (2) the amount of released CO 2 from chemically bound MEA. We modified the surface of CB particles using sulfonation with sodium nitrite, followed by an additional sulfonamide bond formation, both of

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“…Oxygen-containing surface functional groups were identified in both C1s and O1s spectra and included the C-O bonds (as hydroxyl C-OH or ether C-O-C), carbonyl groups (C=O), and carboxyl groups (O=C-OH). Model fits (Table 1) are consistent with prior models for black carbon [41][42][43]. While π−π stacking could be the predominating physisorption mechanism between carbamazepine and BC-Mag, the surface O groups could also contribute to binding.…”

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“…These coatings further lead to higher water solubility of functional CB in aqueous and other polar solvents [267][268][269], and enhanced thermochemical stability. These properties make CB-polymer nanocomposites of major importance for large-scale carbon capture using photochemical energy, as previously described for functional nanofluids [166,295,296].…”

“…A highly agreed assumption is that the carbon π-electron system is likely to play the nucleophilic role transferring electrons required to reduce the diazonium cations. This resulted in the covalent C-C bonding of a variety of aryl units with the CB surface [151,152]. Furthermore, diaryl diazo compounds have also been employed to functionalize MONARCH ® 430 for use in polypropylene nanocomposites [153].…”

“…Furthermore, thermal conductivity of fluids could be increased by raising the N115 concentration in the nanofluid composition, given partial particle networking enhances thermal conductivity by reducing fluid interfacial resistance [294]. reactivity with light [295,296]. As illustrated in Figure 44, the CB particles absorb heat, and a large temperature gradient between the CB surface and MEA-CO 2 solution arises.…”

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