Surface integral formulation for 3D simulations of plasmonic and high permittivity nanostructures

Kern, Andreas; Martin, Olivier J. F.

doi:10.1364/josaa.26.000732

Cited by 245 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…50 Let us first evaluate the electromagnetic responses of Al dipolar nanoantennas using the SIE method. 41 The intensity enhancement at the gap center, defined as the intensity at the gap center divided by the intensity of the incoming wave, is shown as a function of the wavelength of the incident wave for different antenna lengths L in Figure 2a. A planewave polarized along the x-direction and propagating along the z-direction is considered.…”

Section: ■ Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Hyper-Raman Scattering: A New Road to the Observation of Low Energy Molecular Vibrations

Butet

Martin

2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The plasmon enhancement of molecular hyperRaman scattering, the nonlinear counterpart of Raman scattering, which involves the absorption of two fundamental photons, is investigated with emphasis on low energy molecular vibrations. The two-photon excitation of the molecule is treated using its hyperpolarizability β, and the emission of the hyperRaman photons is computed using a dipole emitter located at the molecule position. The electromagnetic response of the plasmonic systems is evaluated using a surface integral equation method, which makes possible considering both planewave and dipole excitations in a single formalism. Taking into account different geometries (including multiresonant antennas and silver heptamers supporting Fano resonances), the experimental parameters influencing the enhancement of the molecular hyperRaman scattering are discussed in detail. In particular, it is shown that a good excitation at the fundamental stage is not sufficient for reaching a good enhancement factor and that an optimization of the electromagnetic response of the plasmonic substrate is also important at the emission wavelength. The competition between the molecular hyper-Raman scattering signal and the background signal, that is, the second harmonic generation, is discussed. The latter can be reduced in specific structures by taking advantages of the key role played by the symmetry of the structure for hyper-Raman scattering and second harmonic generation. This way, we propose a nanostructure where the second harmonic generation can be reduced in the detection direction, enabling the hyper-Raman scattering signal from single donor−acceptor "push−pull" chromophores to be experimentally recorded with a low noise level using surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering. It is particularly remarkable that the hyper-Raman signal from one molecule can be stronger than the second harmonic generation from a complete plasmonic nanostructure, despite the considerable volume difference between both nano-objects. This fundamental observation stems from the different selection rules for both nonlinear optical processes.

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Section: ■ Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Hyper-Raman Scattering: A New Road to the Observation of Low Energy Molecular Vibrations

Butet

Martin

2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Here we use a 3D surface integral equation method to find the relevant multipolar components for our experiment. In this full-wave method the nanodisk is discretized into triangular surface elements 45,46 . By locally solving Maxwell's surface integrals for each individual element, the scattered fields for a particular type of driving field, eigenpolarizabilities, and the local density of optical states in the vicinity of a scatterer can be accurately calculated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Directional emission from a single plasmonic scatterer

et al. 2014

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Directing light emission is key for many applications in photonics and biology. Optical antennas made from nanostructured plasmonic metals are suitable candidates for this purpose but designing antennas with good directional characteristics can be challenging, especially when they consist of multiple elements. Here we show that strongly directional emission can also be obtained from a simple individual gold nanodisk, utilizing the far-field interference of resonant electric and magnetic modes. Using angle-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we find that the spectral and angular response strongly depends on excitation position. For excitation at the nanodisk edge, interference between in-plane and out-of-plane dipole components leads to strong beaming of light. For large nanodisks, higher-order multipole components contribute significantly to the scattered field, leading to enhanced directionality. Using a combination of full-wave simulations and analytical point scattering theory we are able to decompose the calculated and measured scattered fields into dipolar and quadrupolar contributions.

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“…In the center of the intersection area resides an elliptical or circular cavity for the asymmetric or symmetric configuration, respectively. The reported charge distributions and scattering cross sections are simulated using the surface integral method, 35 and the excitation is a normal incident x-polarized plane wave (propagating along the −z-direction, Figure 1a), unless stated otherwise. In the symmetric configuration, under this illumination condition, resonator (2) along the y-direction cannot be excited as its resonance mode is perpendicular to the excitation polarization.…”

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Coupling Strength Can Control the Polarization Twist of a Plasmonic Antenna

et al. 2013

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The far-field polarization of the optical response of a plasmonic antenna can be tuned by subtly engineering of its geometry. In this paper, we develop design rules for nano antennas which enable the generation of circular polarized light via the excitation of circular plasmonic modes in the structure. Two initially orthogonal plasmonic modes are coupled in such a way that a rotational current is excited in the structure. Modifying this coupling strength from a weak to a strong regime controls the helicity of the scattered field. Finally, we introduce an original sensing approach that relies on the rotation of the incident polarization and demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.23 deg·nm −1 or 33 deg·RIU −1 , related to changes of mechanical dimensions and the refractive index, respectively. KEYWORDS: Plasmonics, antennas, coupling strength, polarization, sensors I n the past few decades, localized plasmon resonances supported by metallic nanostructures have attracted significant attention thanks to their applications in a variety of fields, such as biosensing, 1 photovoltaics, 2 and optoelectronics.3 It is now well-known that, with appropriate tuning of a plasmonic nanostructure, it is possible to engineer both its near and far-field response.4−8 In the optical regime, plasmonic nanostructures react similarly to antennas in the sense that incident light can be collected and stored in the near-field, and conversely, energy stored in the near-field can be radiated into the far-field. The far-field emission pattern of planar plasmonic structures is determined by the near-field distribution. As a consequence, it is possible by engineering the near-field of a plasmonic nanostructure to design its response in a way such that a linearly polarized excitation results in a circular polarized (CP) response.9−18 Recently, nanostructures supporting not only one single plasmon mode but also multiple interacting plasmonic modes have been developed. 19−23 The interaction between such plasmonic modes allows energy transfer between the particular modes within the corresponding wavelength range, and consequently, different modes can indirectly be excited through their near-field. In line with the observed asymmetric scattering spectra, these modes are named Fano resonances. 24 Potential applications of such structures exhibiting Fano line shapes include sensing, energy storage, and spectroscopy enhancement.25−28 Most of those applications rely on the modulation of the intensity of the scattered light induced by the interaction of the plasmonic modes over different spectral regions. It has already been shown that light polarization can be altered using plasmonic nano antennas 29−31 or plasmonic metamaterials. 32−34 In this paper, we show that the polarization of the scattered light can be controlled by introducing a perturbation into a system with initially orthogonal plasmonic modes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such structures can be used for the generation of CP light from an incident linearly polarized plane wave. ...

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Surface integral formulation for 3D simulations of plasmonic and high permittivity nanostructures

Cited by 245 publications

References 42 publications

Surface-Enhanced Hyper-Raman Scattering: A New Road to the Observation of Low Energy Molecular Vibrations

Surface-Enhanced Hyper-Raman Scattering: A New Road to the Observation of Low Energy Molecular Vibrations

Directional emission from a single plasmonic scatterer

Coupling Strength Can Control the Polarization Twist of a Plasmonic Antenna

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