Directional emission from a single plasmonic scatterer

Coenen, Toon; Arango, Felipe Bernal; Koenderink, A. Femius; Polman, A.

doi:10.1038/ncomms4250

Cited by 173 publications

(172 citation statements)

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“…Plasmonic or highindex dielectric nanoparticles are frequently used for this purpose 1,2 . The multipole expansion provides insight into several optical phenomena, such as Fano resonances 3,4 , electromagnetically-induced-transparency 5 , directional light emission [6][7][8][9] , manipulating and controlling spontaneous emission [10][11][12] , light perfect absorption [13][14][15] , electromagnetic cloaking 16,17 , and optical (pulling, pushing, and lateral) forces [18][19][20][21][22] . In all these cases, an external field induces displacement or conductive currents into the samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation

Alaee

Rockstuhl

Fernandez‐Corbaton

2018

Optics Communications

348

313

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The multipole expansion is a key tool in the study of light-matter interactions. All the information about the radiation of and coupling to electromagnetic fields of a given charge-density distribution is condensed into few numbers: The multipole moments of the source. These numbers are frequently computed with expressions obtained after the long-wavelength approximation. Here, we derive exact expressions for the multipole moments of dynamic sources that resemble in their simplicity their approximate counterparts. We validate our new expressions against analytical results for a spherical source, and then use them to calculate the induced moments for some selected sources with a nontrivial shape. The comparison of the results to those obtained with approximate expressions shows a considerable disagreement even for sources of subwavelength size. Our expressions are relevant for any scientific area dealing with the interaction between the electromagnetic field and material systems.PACS numbers: 78.67. Pt, 13.40.Em,78.67.Bf, 03.50.De The multipolar decomposition of a given chargecurrent distribution is taught in every undergraduate course in physics. The resulting set of numbers are called the multipolar moments. They are classified according to their order, i.e. dipoles, quadrupoles etc... For each order, there are electric and magnetic multipolar moments. Each multipolar moment is uniquely connected to a corresponding multipolar field. Their importance stems from the fact that the multipolar moments of a charge-current distribution completely characterize both the radiation of electromagnetic fields by the source, and the coupling of external fields onto it. The multipolar decomposition is important in any scientific area dealing with the interaction between the electromagnetic field and material systems. In particle physics, the multipole moments of the nuclei provide information on the distribution of charges inside the nucleus. In chemistry, the dipole and quadrupolar polarizabilities of a molecule determine most of its properties. In electrical engineering, the multipole expansion is used to quantify the radiation from antennas. And the list goes on.In this Letter, we present new exact expressions for the multipolar decomposition of an electric charge-current distribution. They provide a straightforward path for upgrading analytical and numerical models currently using the long-wavelength approximation. After the upgrade, the models become exact. The expressions that we provide are directly applicable to the many areas where the multipole decomposition of electrical current density distributions is used. For the sake of concreteness, in this article we apply them to a specific field: Nanophotonics.In nanophotonics, one purpose is to control and manipulate light on the nanoscale. Plasmonic or highindex dielectric nanoparticles are frequently used for this purpose 1,2 . The multipole expansion provides insight into several optical phenomena, such as Fano resonances 3,4 , electromagnetically-induced-transparen...

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confidence: 99%

An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation

Alaee

Rockstuhl

Fernandez‐Corbaton

2018

Optics Communications

348

313

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“…27 On the basis of these calculations, the two observed excitability distributions, annuli and bright centers, can be understood as rotationally averaged emission from these in-plane or out-of-plane dipolar resonances ( Figure 3D,E). 38,42 For an in-plane dipole the largest vertical field components will occur at the edges of the NP. It is these vertical field components that couple to the incident electron beam, exciting the in-plane resonance which subsequently decays and emits the photons comprising the CL signal.…”

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Gallium Plasmonics: Deep Subwavelength Spectroscopic Imaging of Single and Interacting Gallium Nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Gallium has recently been demonstrated as a phasechange plasmonic material offering UV tunability, facile synthesis, and a remarkable stability due to its thin, self-terminating native oxide. However, the dense irregular nanoparticle (NP) ensembles fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy make optical measurements of individual particles challenging. Here we employ hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy to characterize the response of single Ga NPs of various sizes within an irregular ensemble by spatially and spectrally resolving both in-plane and out-of-plane plasmonic modes. These modes, which include hybridized dipolar and higher-order terms due to phase retardation and substrate interactions, are correlated with finite difference time domain (FDTD) electrodynamics calculations that consider the Ga NP contact angle, substrate, and native Ga/Si surface oxidation. This study experimentally confirms previous theoretical predictions of plasmonic size-tunability in single Ga NPs and demonstrates that the plasmonic modes of interacting Ga nanoparticles can hybridize to produce strong hot spots in the ultraviolet. The controlled, robust UV plasmonic resonances of gallium nanoparticles are applicable to energy-and phase-specific applications such as optical memory, environmental remediation, and simultaneous fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies.

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“…First, in accordance with the nanoantenna concept and the relevant experimental evidences, metal nanoparticles may alter angular distribution of emitted light and can be used to enhance directionality of light emission. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Second, plasmonic structures can be used to enhance modulation rate of LEDs 49 and single photon emission rate. 50 Third, plasmonics can be used to diminish LED efficiency droop resulting from Auger recombination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic enhancement of electroluminescence

2018

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Here plasmonic effect specifically on electroluminescence (EL) is studied in terms of radiative and nonradiative decay rates for a dipole near a metal spherical nanoparticle (NP). Contribution from scattering is taken into account and is shown to play a decisive role in EL enhancement owing to pronounced size-dependent radiative decay enhancement and weak size effect on non-radiative counterpart. Unlike photoluminescence where local incident field factor mainly determines the enhancement possibility and level, EL enhancement is only possible by means of quantum yield rise, EL enhancement being feasible only for an intrinsic quantum yield Q0 < 1. The resulting plasmonic effect is independent of intrinsic emitter lifetime but is exclusively defined by the value of Q0, emission spectrum, NP diameter and emitter-metal spacing. For 0.1< Q0 < 0.25, Ag nanoparticles are shown to enhance LED/OLED intensity by several times over the whole visible whereas Au particles feature lower effect within the red-orange range only. Independently of positive effect on quantum yield, metal nanoparticles embedded in an electroluminescent device will improve its efficiency at high currents owing to enhanced overall recombination rate which will diminish manifestation of Auger processes. The latter are believed to be responsible for the known undesirable efficiency droop in semiconductor commercial quantum well based LEDs at higher current. For the same reason plasmonics can diminish quantum dot photodegradation from Auger process induced non-radiative recombination and photoionization thus opening a way to avoid negative Auger effects in emerging colloidal semiconductor LEDs.

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Directional emission from a single plasmonic scatterer

Cited by 173 publications

References 54 publications

An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation

An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation

Gallium Plasmonics: Deep Subwavelength Spectroscopic Imaging of Single and Interacting Gallium Nanoparticles

Plasmonic enhancement of electroluminescence

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