Surface Grafting of a Quaternary Ammonium Salt on Macroporous Polyvinyl Alcohol-Formaldehyde Sponges and Their Highly Efficient Antibacterial Performance

Abstract

A quaternary ammonium salt (QA), epoxypropyl-N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium chloride (EDAC), is grafted on macroporous polyvinyl alcohol-formaldehyde (PVF) sponges via facile reaction conditions. The grafting percentage (GP) of QA is influenced by the reaction temperature, time, and catalyst concentration, and the optimal GP can reach up to 43.3%. As-prepared PVF-g-QA sponges show average pore size in the range of 60–90 μm and high porosity above 80%. Meanwhile, the resultant PVF-g-QA samples also display a high water absorption capacity approximately 12.4–14.2 g/g and reach dynamic absorption equilibrium quickly within only 1 min in both saline solution and deionized water. Notably, the antibacterial performance of these sponges for both E. coli and S. aureus are excellent with a reduction of four orders of magnitude compared with a high initial concentration of bacteria (108 CFU/mL). Moreover, the as-prepared samples with different grafting percentages almost have no cytotoxicity for cells. The PVF-g-QA sponges can serve as a candidate for wound dressings for medical and sanitary applications.

Polyurethanes from Hydrophobic Elastic Materials to Hydrogels with Potent Nonleaching Biocidal and Antibiofilm Activity

“…Impregnating PU with leachable antiseptics such as silver, copper nanomaterials, − or antibiotics, inserting quaternary ammonium moieties or peptides − in the main or side chain has been considered to impart antibacterial activity in PU materials. Among different strategies, the contact-active antibacterial mechanism due to lower toxicity, a long lifetime, and lower bacterial resistance has attracted more attention. ,, Despite the various techniques of making contact-active polyurethane materials, none applies to the actual application due to the tedious reaction steps and critical polymerization conditions, leading to a missing balance in PU properties.…”

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride anchored polymeric elastic fibers with robust antibacterial performance

“…Besides, considering the presence of abundant hydrophobic domain in each repeated unit, the hydrophobicity of PGPs did not exhibit distinct change after grafting PHMB partially. According to previous reports, the hydrophobic segments are likely to embed in bacterial cell wall by osmosis and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane, which hinders the excretion of toxic substances in the bacteria and denatures the protein on the cell wall 32 . Thus, it can be inferred that excellent antibacterial effect of fibers is also partially contributed by the presence of hydrophobic groups in PGPs.…”

In Situ Construction of Thermotropic Shape Memory Polymer in Wood for Enhancing Its Dimensional Stability

“…Three cycles of water immersion and oven-drying were conducted. In every cycle, the samples were soaked in distilled water at room temperature (around 25 • C) for 24 h, followed by ovendrying at 60 • C to a constant weight [35,36]. The volume (V, cm 3 ) and mass (M, g) of the samples were measured in each cycle.…”