“…One effective method for studying such events is to utilize a molecular dynamics (MD) approach, which is capable of treating the system at an atomic level. The MD method has been widely used to study the interaction between an atomic beam and the surfaces of the materials it impacts [4][5][6]. Branicio et al utilized an MD simulation to investigate the atomistic mechanisms of the fracture accompanies structural phase transformation in an AIN ceramic under hypervelocity impact [7].…”