Surface and Deep Ocean Interactions During the Cold Climate Event 8200 Years Ago

Ellison, Christopher R. W.; Chapman, Mark R; Hall, Ian Robert

doi:10.1126/science.1127213

Cited by 296 publications

(307 citation statements)

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“…The remaining part of the reconstruction method follows Rohling et al (2014) instance the chronology for MD99-2251 contains only two ages within the critical time interval compared to the nine in MD03-2665 and that the age offset reflects the limitations of the Ellison et al (2006) 321 chronology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative sea-level data from southwest Scotland constrain meltwater-driven sea-level jumps prior to the 8.2 kyr BP event

Lawrence

Long

Gehrels

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract 13The most significant climate cooling of the Holocene is centred on 8.2 kyr BP (the '8.2 14 event'). Its cause is widely attributed to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional providing evidence of at least three distinct episodes of enhanced meltwater discharge from 27 the decaying LIS prior to the 8.2 event. Our observations can be used to test the fidelity of 28 both climate and ice-sheet models in simulating abrupt change during the early Holocene. and 2) and is registered as an abrupt cooling of ~3.3 ± 1.1 °C that lasted for 160 yrs (Kobashi 35 et al., 2007;Thomas et al., 2007). The widely cited (e.g. Alley et al., 1997; De Vernal et al., 36 1997;Barber et al., 1999;Törnqvist and Hijma, 2012) The Cree Estuary is situated on the northern shores of the Solway Firth (N 54°51', W 4°30'). 135The River Cree is tidal from Newton Stewart and drains southwards through the Cree coastal within the broad timeframe of the 8.2 event, although not fully attributed to the event itself. 150These sediments provide the basis for this study. 158Fifty hand-cores were sunk along three transects. Sediments were classified with reference to Laboratory methods 171We conducted microfossil (diatom) analyses in order to determine estimates of past sea level. 172Samples were prepared using standard techniques (Palmer and Abbott, 1986) where SWLI n is the standard water level index for a given sample n, h n is the elevation of a 280This novel approach to sampling is an attempt to reduce the uncertainties of the 281 reconstruction given the wide uncertainties in time and space of the RSL indicators relative to 282 the decimetre and decadal-to-centennial scale of DCP events that we seek to identify. Inferring the timing of abrupt North Atlantic events 309We infer the onset of the two-step increases recorded in the surface δ 18 O record from the the critical time interval compared to the nine in MD03-2665 properties that is coeval with the onset of the δ 13 C excursion. To infer the onset of the second 342 anomaly, we have no choice but to use the δ 18 O record because the δ 13 C series records a 343 broad minimum spanning several centuries rather than two distinct events. 344From proximal to the former LIS margin we also include the timing of three DCPs Results 358 Lithostratigraphy 360Our lithostratigraphic survey confirms the complex sequence of minerogenic silts and 361 laterally extensive beds of organic silt that were originally mapped by Smith et al. (2003a). 362...

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confidence: 99%

Relative sea-level data from southwest Scotland constrain meltwater-driven sea-level jumps prior to the 8.2 kyr BP event

Lawrence

Long

Gehrels

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. The research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft INTERDYNAMIC DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1266 to AB, AP, DH, SM, CR and MS and NSF OCE0902977 to YR. [Ellison et al, 2006] illustrate the link between atmospheric and oceanic response to solar variability and background melting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abrupt temperature and salinity decreases in our record suggest that melt-waters from the lake drainage rapidly reached ENACW formation sites and thereby further weakened the upper limb of the AMOC. Separated from the first event by a partial recovery of ∼200-300 years, the second event at 8.17 to 8.31 ka is concurrent with the maximum cooling observed in the d 18 O GISP2 ice core record as well as with the maximum slowdown of LNADW formation associated with the 8.2 ka event [Ellison et al, 2006;Kleiven et al, 2008] (Figure 3). Further, the combined temperature and salinity values suggest that ENACW density tended towards lighter density surfaces during both 150-year-long events, with lightest values centered at 8.24 and 8.52 ka ( Figure S4).…”

Section: Early Holocene Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway at 8.47 ± 0.3 ka was the largest (∼1.63 × 10 14 m 3 of freshwater [Teller et al, 2002], equivalent to a 0.4-1.2 m sea level rise [Cronin et al, 2007]) and has thus often served as an example to investigate the abrupt response of the AMOC to future meltwater inputs even though the volume and lake discharge rates were much greater than high-end estimates for future global sea level rise of 0.55 to 1.25 cm yr −1 [Rahmstorf, 2007]. Indeed, recent high resolution studies focusing on the abrupt cooling episode of the 8.2 ka event, successfully demonstrated the sensitivity of lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW) formation to the lake drainage [Ellison et al, 2006;Kleiven et al, 2008] and thereby support climate models that predict a decrease in the lower limb of the AMOC associated with a climate cooling [LeGrande et al, 2006;Renssen et al, 2001] in response to the lake drainage. However, numerous climate archives across the Northern Hemisphere also record a broad interval of climate deterioration starting at ∼9.0 ka, well before the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway [Alley and Ágústsdóttir, 2005;Rohling and Pälike, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced North Atlantic Central Water formation in response to early Holocene ice‐sheet melting

Bamberg

Rosenthal

Paul

et al. 2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Central waters of the North Atlantic are fundamental for ventilation of the upper ocean and are also linked to the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we show based on benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios, that during times of enhanced melting from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) between 9.0-8.5 thousand years before present (ka) the production of central waters weakened the upper AMOC resulting in a cooling over the Northern Hemisphere. Centered at 8.54 ± 0.2 ka and 8.24 ± 0.1 ka our dataset records two ∼150-year cooling events in response to the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway, indicating early slow-down of the upper AMOC in response to the initial freshwater flux into the subpolar gyre (SPG) followed by a more severe weakening of both the upper and lower branches of the AMOC at 8.2 ka. These results highlight the sensitivity of regional North Atlantic climate change to the strength of central-water overturning and exemplify the impact of both gradual and abrupt freshwater fluxes on eastern SPG surface water convection. In light of the possible future increase in Greenland Ice Sheet melting due to global warming these findings may help us to better constrain and possibly predict future North Atlantic climate change. Citation:

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“…However, in the dataset of Ellison et al (2006), there is a first cool spike centred on about 8490 calBP (spanning roughly 8550-8450 calBP), followed by a more distinct cool event that spans the interval 8380-8260 calBP. The latter immediately pre-dates (without overlap) a rapid reduction to lowest ISOW flow intensity, which spans the interval 8260-8050 calBP (see Figure 3 of Ellison et al 2006). The data of Ellison et al (2006) therefore pose some challenging questions: (1) Why did it take some two centuries after the main flooding event before ISOW flow was minimised, when models suggest there should be an almost instantaneous response?…”

Section: The North Atlantic Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warfare in Late Neolithic\Early Chalcolithic Pisidia, southwestern Turkey. Climate induced social unrest in the late 7th millennium calBC

et al. 2008

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This paper proposes an association between climate forcing connected with the 8200 calBP ‘climate event’ and a postulated phase of internecine warfare and population collapse at Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic sites in Pisidia, southwestern Turkey. A summary of this evidence is provided and a hypothetical scenario considered in the context of contemporaneous developments in neighbouring regions.

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Surface and Deep Ocean Interactions During the Cold Climate Event 8200 Years Ago

Cited by 296 publications

References 31 publications

Relative sea-level data from southwest Scotland constrain meltwater-driven sea-level jumps prior to the 8.2 kyr BP event

Relative sea-level data from southwest Scotland constrain meltwater-driven sea-level jumps prior to the 8.2 kyr BP event

Reduced North Atlantic Central Water formation in response to early Holocene ice‐sheet melting

Warfare in Late Neolithic\Early Chalcolithic Pisidia, southwestern Turkey. Climate induced social unrest in the late 7th millennium calBC

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