Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Electrolyzed reduced water, which is capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species, is attracting recent attention because it has shown improved efficacy against several types of diseases including diabetes mellitus. Alloxan produces reactive oxygen species and causes type 1 diabetes mellitus in experimental animals by irreversible oxidative damage to insulin-producing b-cells. Here, we showed that electrolyzed reduced water prevented alloxaninduced DNA fragmentation and the production of cells in sub-G1 phase in HIT-T15 pancreatic b-cells. Blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes model mice were also significantly suppressed by feeding the mice with electrolyzed reduced water. These results suggest that electrolyzed reduced water can prevent apoptosis of pancreatic b-cells and the development of symptoms in type 1 diabetes model mice by alleviating the alloxan-derived generation of reactive oxygen species.Keywords Electrolyzed reduced water Á Alloxan Á Type 1 diabetes mellitus Á Reactive oxygen species Á HIT-T15 cells

Suppressive effects of electrochemically reduced water on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and in vitro invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells

“…The amount of Pt nanoparticles determined using ICP-Ms varied from 0.1 to 2.5 ppb in several ERW preparations (Yan et al 2010;Li et al 2011;Shirahata et al 2012). The amount of Pt nanoparticles is rather variable mainly because Ptcoated Ti-electrodes gradually erode with repeated electrolysis, which liberates less Pt nanoparticles resulting in a reduced ROS scavenging ability (unpublished observation).…”

“…ERW supplemented with Pt nanoparticles has been also shown to inhibit two-stage cell transformation of Balb/c 3T3 A31-1-1 cells (Nishikawa et al 2005). Furthermore, we reported that ERW contributes to extension of the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, and ERW improves the symptoms of diabetes mellitus in ICR (CD-1 strain) mice (Yan et al 2010;Yan et al 2011;Li et al 2011). Here, we demonstrate that ERW inhibits both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP gene expression and activation of MMP-2 in HT1080 cells, thereby suppressing in vitro cell invasion.…”

“…Previously, we reported that ERW can scavenge ROS, such as H 2 O 2 , in the hamster pancreatic b-cell line HIT-T15 (Li et al 2002(Li et al , 2011 and rat L6 myotube cells . ERW has been shown to induce differentiation of K562 human leukemia cells into megakaryocyte (Komatsu et al 2004).…”

“…ERW contains a high concentration of dissolved hydrogen and a small amount of Pt nanoparticles, both of which exhibit ROS-scavenging effects (Ye et al 2008;Hamasaki et al 2008;Li et al 2011;Shirahata et al 2012). It has been demonstrated that neutralized ERW has a H 2 O 2 -scavenging ability, which is thought to be associated with several protective functions against oxidative damage such as DNA and mitochondrial damage (Shirahata et al 1997;Tsai et al 2009a, b), lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans (Yan et al 2010;, alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes (Li et al 2002(Li et al , 2011, and hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress during end-stage renal disease (Huang et al 2003). ERW exhibits a variety of physiological functions by several mechanisms via its antioxidative properties (Shirahata et al 2012).…”

The hydrogen molecule as antioxidant therapy: clinical application in hemodialysis and perspectives

“…Studies designed to test the biological activity of electrolyzed water have demonstrated tumor antiproliferative effects [77][78][79] and antidiabetic actions in a diabetic model by amelioration of beta cell oxidative injury [80][81][82]. Drinking enriched water ad libitum ameliorated disuse muscular atrophy after paralysis in rats [58] and protected against cardiac and kidney fibrosis by ischemic/reperfusion of kidney [59] and aging [83] in Dahl SS rats.…”