Suppression of Ripening-Associated Gene Expression in Tomato Fruits Subjected to a High CO2 Concentration

Rothan, Christophe; Duret, Steven; Chevalier, Christian; Raymond, Philippe

doi:10.1104/pp.114.1.255

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…CO 2 -mediated regulation of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase has also been reported by Kader (1986) and Yang (1987). In tomato, high CO 2 induces the expression of stress-related genes and suppresses the transcription of ethylenedependent and ethylene-independent ripening-associated genes (Rothan et al 1997). …”

Section: High Carbon Dioxidesupporting

confidence: 55%

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

2011

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Concentrations of different gases and volatiles present or produced inside a fruit are determined by the permeability of the fruit tissue to these compounds. Primarily, surface morphology and anatomical features of a given fruit determine the degree of permeance across the fruit. Species and varietal variability in surface characteristics and anatomical features therefore influence not only the diffusibility of gases and volatiles across the fruits but also the activity and response of various metabolic and physiological reactions/processes regulated by these compounds. Besides the well-known role of ethylene, gases and volatiles; O 2 , CO 2 , ethanol, acetaldehyde, water vapours, methyl salicylate, methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide (NO) have the potential to regulate the process of ripening individually and also in various interactive ways. Differences in the prevailing internal atmosphere of the fruits may therefore be considered as one of the causes behind the existing varietal variability of fruits in terms of rate of ripening, qualitative changes, firmness, shelf-life, ideal storage requirement, extent of tolerance towards reduced O 2 and/or elevated CO 2 , transpirational loss and susceptibility to various physiological disorders. In this way, internal atmosphere of a fruit (in terms of different gases and volatiles) plays a critical regulatory role in the process of fruit ripening. So, better and holistic understanding of this internal atmosphere along with its exact regulatory role on various aspects of fruit ripening will facilitate the development of more meaningful, refined and effective approaches in postharvest management of fruits. Its applicability, specially for the climacteric fruits, at various stages of the supply chain from growers to consumers would assist in reducing postharvest losses not only in quantity but also in quality.

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Section: High Carbon Dioxidesupporting

confidence: 55%

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

2011

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“…Likewise, the application of 3-day high CO 2 treatment avoided the 15 accumulation of ACS1 and ACO1 transcript levels in rachis. In climacteric fruit such as tomato, treatment with 20% of CO 2 concomitantly prevented an increase in ACS and ACO mRNA during ripening (Rothan et al, 1997). In non-climacteric fruit, high CO 2 treatment has been described as possibly affecting ethylene action.…”

Section: Discussion 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of the improvement in rachis quality by high CO2 levels in table grapes stored at low temperature

Rosales

Fernandez-Caballero

Romero

et al. 2013

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Rachis browning is one of the main factors reducing the quality of table grapes during storage at low temperature. To better understand the effect of a 3-day CO 2 pretreatment (20% CO 2 plus 20% O 2 ) on maintaining the rachis quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Cardinal) 5 at 0 ºC, we analyzed the expression of genes codifying enzymes related to the synthesis and oxidation of phenolic compounds (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, VcPAL; and polyphenol oxidase, GPO) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (catalase, GCAT; and ascorbate peroxidase, VcAPX) in rachis of treated and non-treated bunches. Furthermore, due to their role in senescence, the implication of ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) was also 10 investigated by studying the expression pattern of key regulatory genes for these hormones such as ACC synthase (ACS1) and oxidase (ACO1), VvNCED1 and 2. To determine whether these changes in gene expression were specifically related to rachis deterioration, their expression pattern in pulp and skin of treated and non-treated grapes were evaluated. The appearance of browning in non-treated rachis was associated with an increase in GPO and 15VcPAL mRNA levels, whereas high CO 2 levels arrested this accumulation. In pulp, even though browning was not evident, a slight increase in GPO accumulation in non-treated bunches was detected. Moreover, lipid peroxidation level revealed lower oxidative stress in rachis of CO 2 -treated bunches than in non-treated ones, which seemed to be regulated by VcAPX and GCAT gene expression induction. Interestingly, this regulation was specific to rachis, showing a 20 different pattern in pulp and skin. Regarding phytohormones, our results pointed to the participation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in rachis browning. On the other hand, neither VvNCED1 nor VvNCED2 expression levels were altered in rachis, but NCED1 was induced specifically by low temperature in pulp. Overall, our results suggest a specific response of rachis to high levels of CO 2 that could be related to the mitigation of rachis browning. 25

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“…Esses autores citam que pêssegos em amadurecimento, quando são incubados em um recipiente hermético, particularmente quando a relação massa/volume é alta, o CO 2 se acumula rapidamente, atingindo pressões parciais elevadas (8kPa), retardando os processos fisiológicos relativos ao amadurecimento. Em tomate, elevadas pressões parciais de CO 2 suprimem a transcrição de genes dependentes e independentes de etileno relacionados ao amadurecimento (ROTHAN et al, 1997) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de pressões parciais de CO 2 , durante a aplicação de 1-MCP, e da reaplicação do 1-MCP, para controlar o amadurecimento de pêssegos 'Rubidoux'.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified