Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid

Abstract

This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.

Bacteria associated with the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus collected in Portugal

“…In Japan, the genus Bacillus is predominant (Kawazu et al 1996a), while in China, the genus Pseudomonas seems to be the most abundant (Kawazu et al 1996b). In Korea, the genera Burkholderia, Brevibacterium, Ewingella, Enterobacter and Serratia appear to be associated with the PWN (Kwon et al 2010).…”

Pine Wilt Disease: a threat to European forestry

“…The application of microbial control agents (MCA), in the case of PWD has resulted in some interesting in vitro results, but with inconsistencies in the field experiments still to be resolved (Tian et al 2007). MCA's are microbial antagonistics such as nematophagous fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, and endophytic fungi, which act in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes by: parasitism (Huang et al 2005;Wang et al 2011); producing toxins, antibiotics (Kwon et al 2010), or volatile organic compounds (Gu et al 2007); competing for nutrients; inducing systemic resistance of plants; and promoting plant health (Tian et al 2007). The insect vector is also considered to be an interesting target for the use of MCAs, such as the case of the fungal genera Trichoderma and Baeuveria, used against Monochamus alternatus (Shimazu 2006).…”

“…In China, Pseudomonas is considered the most abundant in association with B. xylophilus . In Korea, the genera Burkholderia, Brevibacterium, Ewingella, Enterobacter and Serratia appear to be associated with the PWN (Kwon et al 2010). More recently, in Portugal, the genera Burkholderia and Pseudomonas, as well as other bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family, were found to be associated with B. xylophilus (Proença et al 2010;Vicente et al 2011).…”

Influence of Commercial Antibiotics on Biocontrol of Soft Rot and Plant Growth Promotion in Chinese Cabbages by Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 and BS07M

“…These two antibiotics were developed as bacteriocides which work through inhibition of DNA gyrases; synthesis and cleavage of DNA; and protein synthesis (Smith, 1962;Snyder and Drlica, 1979). These have been used to control various bacterial diseases including soft rot in Chinese cabbages; bacterial spot in red pepper, bacterial grain rot (Kwon et al, 2009). The mode of action of oxolinic acid and streptomycin could directly affect the viability and proliferation of any bacteria whether beneficial or pathogenic.…”

“…Recently, genetically modified soft rot resistant crops have been developed but these are yet to attain commercial success. Nowadays, chemicals including commercial antibiotics such as oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and validamycin A are available for control of soft rot (Ishikawa et al, 2004;Kwon et al, 2009;Patricia et al, 2002). Although synthetic chemical application immediately reduce diseases, continuous and excessive use of the chemicals can lead to development of antibiotic resistant pathogens besides having hazardous effect on environment.…”