“…CPFR emerged in the US in the mid 1990s and the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Solutions (VICS) Association published its first CPFR voluntary guidelines in 1998, the consumer packaged goods industry being the primary target group (Seifert, 2003, Ireland & Crum, 2005. Despite a wide range of CPFR pilots implementations, several studies show that adoption has been slow in practice and large-scale implementations have been scarce (Barratt, 2004b, Olhager & Selldin, 2004, Seifert, 2003.…”