Supercritical fluid extraction and quantitative determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in wheat and maize using gas chromatography with flame photometric and mass spectrometric detection

Sample preparation method for the analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides residues in tomato by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

“…A wide variety of techniques have been used to extract and purify pesticides from fruits and vegetables, including liquid-solid extraction (Cortes et al, 2006), solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Topuz, Ozhan, & Alpertunga, 2005), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (Lambropoulou & Albanis, 2003), pressurised liquid extraction 0308-8146/$ -see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.142 (PLE) (Blasco, Font, & Pico, 2005), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Goto et al, 2003), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) (Chen, Su, & Jen, 2002), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) (Liu, Hashi, Song, & Lin, 2005;Liu, Hu, Zhao, Xu, & Guan, 2005) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Norman & Panton, 2001). Nevertheless, sample preparation procedures can also be the most time and labor intensive, usually has multi-step procedures prone to loss of analytes.…”

A gradual advancement of the extraction and cleanup techniques for residue analysis of pesticides in food matrices and liquid products: a review

“…The technique uses supercritical fluids that have similar densities to liquids, but lower viscosities and higher diffusion coefficients. This combination of properties results in a fluid that is more penetrative has a higher solvating power and extracts solutes faster than liquids 69 . Using automation, SFE reduces labor and laboratory space.…”

Modern Extraction Techniques for Pesticide Residues Determination in Plant and Soil Samples

“…Kaihara et al (2000Kaihara et al ( , 2002 have developed the SFE method that combined with the purification on PSA and florisil columns may be used for determination of 27 pesticides in cucumber, potato, radish, apple, banana and rice samples. Norman & Panton (2001) have developed the SFE method for determination of OPPs in wheat and maize using GCB (graphitized carbon black), and Quan et al (2004) found out that SFE of ginseng followed by purification on C18, gave satisfactory results in determining OCPs. The same sorbent was shown to be the best choice for determination of 32 pesticides in soil using SFE sample preparation (Rissato et al, 2005b).…”