Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Dyeing for PET and Cotton Fabric with Synthesized Dyes by a Modified Apparatus

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) dyeing for the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cotton fabric was implemented by a modified dynamic-recirculation apparatus that was successfully designed and constructed in our laboratory. This energy-efficient apparatus contains two horizontal dyeing vessels and equips the rotating warp beam. The circulating SC-CO2 fluid and revolving fabrics facilitate the uniform adsorption and quick uptake of dye molecules to the fabrics. Moreover, three dyes were synthesized and applied for dyeing fabric samples performed in mild conditions of 353.2 K and 18.0 MPa for 60 min in SC-CO2. Satisfactory and commercially acceptable products with reasonably good color uniformity, color strength and color fastness were obtained in dyeing experiments with this SC-CO2 apparatus. Color characteristics of the dyed PET and cotton fabrics such as the absorption and reflectance spectra were determined, and their surface morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Recent advances in supercritical fluid dyeing

“…23 In the above-cited context, the academic research of recent years has often been conducted in cooperation with textile companies to improve the technology of the process, aimed at increasing the production efficiency. 1,4,13,[24][25][26][27][28] However, laboratory-scale investigations 18,[29][30][31][32] or simulation studies 33 aimed at disclosing other aspects of the process mechanism have also been conducted, as well as tests with natural or new synthetic dyestuffs. [34][35][36][37] 2.1 | Recent technological advances (2014- Table 1 provides an overview of some recent laboratory to industrial-scale prototypes and innovative technological solutions for SFD of PET.…”

“…Figure 1 reports a simplified scheme of a typical plant for SFD of textiles, which may approximately describe the main operation steps of many pilot and industrial-scale plants. 1,4,13,24,25 Briefly, gaseous carbon dioxide is condensed and stored in a tank that feeds a pressurisation pump; pressurisation of the dyeing vessel (valves 1 and 2 open, valve 3 closed) occurs simultaneously with the dissolution of the dye in the stirred dyestuff vessel. When the temperature and pressure of the supercritical dyeing medium has reached the set levels, the dyeing process is conducted, circulating the supercritical carbon dioxide with the predissolved dye molecules by means of a circulation pump (valve 2 open, valves 1 and 3 closed).…”

Non‐aqueous dyeing of cotton fibre with reactive dyes: A review

“…Due to growing environmental concerns, several alternative methods for dyeing cotton fibre have been investigated and reported in the literature, including neutral pH dyeing, supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing, reverse micellar dyeing, low‐salt or salt‐free dyeing, clay nanoparticle dyeing, silicone‐based dyeing, two‐solvent miscible dyeing, dyeing with reused wastewater, dye‐solvent suspension dyeing and natural mordant dyeing . The addition of different dyeing methods, modifications of fibre properties (such as cotton cationisation and polymer grafting on cotton), inventions of new reactive dyes with reduced requirements for salt and soda ash, and advancements in effluent treatment technologies, have also been reported.…”

Novel sustainable synthesis of dyes for clean dyeing of wool and cotton fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide

“…These showed good results with excellent wash fastness on dyed fabrics (Guzel and Akgerman, 2000). Researchers found that it was possible to dye wool and cotton fabrics in scCO2 using traditional disperse dyes without any pre-treatment, but the colour strength of the dyed fibre was unsatisfactory for cellulosic fabrics and the wool and cotton fabrics were damaged by the extreme dyeing conditions (Gao et al, 2015;Schmidt et al, 2003;Zheng et al, 2017). A reverse micellar dyeing system applied for dyeing wool and cotton was also reported (Jun et al, 2005;Sawada and Ueda, 2004).…”