Sunburn protection as a function of sunscreen application thickness differs between high and low <scp>SPFs</scp>

Liu, Wei; Wang, Xuemin; Lai, Wei; Yan, Tian; Wu, Yunfeng; Wan, Miaojian; Yi, Jing; Matsui, Mary S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2012.00650.x

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We also observed that at very low concentration (1.0 %), the three tested metal NPs did not show photoprotective efficacy, but it was significant at higher concentration (10.0 %) suggesting dependency of SPF on the concentration of NPs. In further support, some other studies have also indicated that level of protection depends on the amount of sunscreen product applied [28, 29]. Most of the consumers actually use only 0.5–1.0 mg cm −2 of the product instead of applying the recommended concentration (2.0 mg cm −2 ) [30], which could be one reason that even the formulation with high SPF may not be providing intended protection against UVB-induced skin damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Comparative analysis of the relative potential of silver, Zinc-oxide and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles against UVB-induced DNA damage for the prevention of skin carcinogenesis

et al. 2016

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Sunscreen formulations containing UVB filters, such as Zinc-oxide (ZnO) and titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to limit the exposure of human skin to UV-radiations. Unfortunately, these UVB protective agents have failed in controlling the skin cancer incidence. We recently demonstrated that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) could serve as novel protective agents against UVB-radiations. Here our goal was to perform comparative analysis of direct and indirect UVB-protection efficacy of ZnO-, TiO2- and Ag-NPs. Sun-protection-factor calculated based on their UVB-reflective/absorption abilities was the highest for TiO2-NPs followed by Ag- and ZnO-NPs. This was further confirmed by studying indirect protection of UVB radiation-induced death of HaCaT cells. However, only Ag-NPs were active in protecting HaCaT cells against direct UVB-induced DNA-damage by repairing bulky-DNA lesions through nucleotide-excision-repair mechanism. Moreover, Ag-NPs were also effective in protecting HaCaT cells from UVB-induced oxidative DNA damage by enhancing SOD/CAT/GPx activity. In contrast, ZnO- and TiO2-NPs not only failed in providing any direct protection from DNA-damage, but rather enhanced oxidative DNA-damage by increasing ROS production. Together, these findings raise concerns about safety of ZnO- and TiO2-NPs and establish superior protective efficacy of Ag-NPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Comparative analysis of the relative potential of silver, Zinc-oxide and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles against UVB-induced DNA damage for the prevention of skin carcinogenesis

et al. 2016

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“…The fact that the alkenones remained stable with the liquid sunscreen, and also that it could thicken the liquid sunscreen effectively is very promising. It has been reported that having a thick and even layer of sunscreen on the skin is essential to provide the claimed SPF [31,32]. The viscosity data indicate that the alkenones were highly effective in thickening the liquid sunscreen (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate).…”

Section: Determination Of Solubility and Thickening Capability Testmentioning

confidence: 73%

Alkenones as a Promising Green Alternative for Waxes in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The move toward green, sustainable, natural products has been growing in the cosmetic and personal care industry. Ingredients derived from marine organisms and algae are present in many cosmetic products. In this study, a new green ingredient, a wax (i.e., long-chain alkenones) derived from Isochyrsis sp., was evaluated as an alternative for cosmetic waxes. First, the melting point was determined (71.1-77.4 • C), then the alkenones' thickening capability in five emollients was evaluated and compared to microcrystalline wax and ozokerite. Alkenones were compatible with three emollients and thickened the emollients similarly to the other waxes. Then, lipsticks and lip balms were formulated with and without alkenones. All products remained stable at room temperature for 10 weeks. Lipstick formulated with alkenones was the most resistant to high temperature. Finally, alkenones were compared to three cosmetic thickening waxes in creams. Viscosity, rheology, and stability of the creams were evaluated. All creams had a gel-like behavior. Both viscosity and storage modulus increased in the same order: cream with alkenones < cetyl alcohol < stearic acid < glyceryl monostearate. Overall, alkenones' performance was comparable to the other three waxes. Alkenones can thus offer a potential green choice as a new cosmetic structuring agent.

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“…Some limitation may also come from the fact that the use of sunscreens by participants from the group C was not monitored, so the exact amount and SPF values of the sunscreens used re unknown. We suppose that, as solar erythema was observed in all volunteers from this group, they applied the sunscreens at insufficient amount, like typical users do, that is, 0.5–1.0 mg/cm 2 which, even if they had used the sunscreens with high SPF, did not provide sufficient sunburn protection .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

UVR protection influences fructosamine level after sun exposure of healthy adults

Mianowska

Young

Fendler

et al. 2016

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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Sunburn protection as a function of sunscreen application thickness differs between high and low SPFs

Abstract: Sunscreen protection is not related in one uniform way to the amount of product applied to human skin. Consumers may achieve an even lower than expected sunburn protection from high SPF products than from low SPF sunscreens.

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative analysis of the relative potential of silver, Zinc-oxide and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles against UVB-induced DNA damage for the prevention of skin carcinogenesis

Comparative analysis of the relative potential of silver, Zinc-oxide and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles against UVB-induced DNA damage for the prevention of skin carcinogenesis

Alkenones as a Promising Green Alternative for Waxes in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

UVR protection influences fructosamine level after sun exposure of healthy adults

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