This paper reviews the current eutrophication status of China's lakes. Details of the most eutrophic 'Three Lakes', i.e. Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, are given. Based on an explanation of its causes, policies and technologies currently in practice in addition to research towards combating the eutrophication are illustrated using some specific cases. Finally, some management issues and long-term combating strategies are discussed.

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Background/Aims: There is increasing evidence that exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), might aggravate preexisting skin diseases such as eczema and urticaria. Here we investigated if a possible link exists between air pollution and acne vulgaris. We assessed the association between ambient air pollutant concentrations and the number of visits of patients for acne vulgaris to a dermatological outpatient clinic in Beijing, China, from April 1, 2012 to April 30, 2014. Methods: In this time period, 59,325 outpatient visits were recorded because of acne vulgaris. Daily air pollution parameters for PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ were obtained from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center. Results: Increased concentrations of ambient PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ were significantly associated with increased numbers of outpatient visits for acne vulgaris over the 2 years. These effects could be observed for NO₂ in a single-pollutant model and for PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ in 2-pollutant models, which are closer to real-life exposure. Of note, these effects were specific because they were not observed for increased SO₂ concentrations, which even showed negative correlations in all test models. Conclusion: This study provides indirect evidence for a link between acne vulgaris and air pollution.

Chronic exposure to sunlight is known to have detrimental effects on human skin by causing skin cancer. In this regard, the use of sunscreens has received considerable attention and corresponding public campaigns have been conducted to educate consumers that regular sunscreen use can effectively reduce skin cancer risk. [1][2][3] In addition to causing skin cancer, exposure to sunlight also contributes to extrinsic skin aging. Until recently, exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation was regarded as the major, if not the only, cause of extrinsic skin aging. As one consequence, cosmetic products for daily photoprotection have been advocated as a potentially effective preventive measure to slow down skin aging. More recently, however, it has become increasingly clear that the situation is much more complex. The solar spectrum is

We demonstrated a simple and more precise method to quantify and compare facial skin erythema by analyzing the RGB channel values of the VISIA Red images. Our method brings convenience for erythema evaluation in dermatological studies.