Sulfonic acid functionalized dendrimer-grafted cellulose as a solid acid catalyst for the high-yield and green production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

An efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst was prepared via the growth of a thiol-functionalized third-generation dendrimer on the surface of cellulose employing thiol–ene click chemistry, followed by the formation of sulfonic acid groups via the oxidation of thiol groups.

A multi-walled carbon nanotube-supported acidic ionic liquid catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived saccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…It is worthy to mention that the decrease of HMF yield with an increase of reaction temperature or time was attributed to the rehydration of HMF and production of humins through HMF polycondensation. 39…”

“…It is worthy to mention that the decrease of HMF yield with an increase of reaction temperature or time was attributed to the rehydration of HMF and production of humins through HMF polycondensation. 39 The effect of catalyst dosage on the conversion of fructose to HMF was further examined. As presented in Fig.…”

“…As expected, the HMF yield from sucrose (with a glucose and fructose unit) was greater than that from maltose (with two glucose units). 39 Next, a comparative study of SO 3 H@ImIL@MWCNTs with recently reported catalysts for the synthesis of HMF from fructose was performed. Table 1 lists the results of the transformation of fructose to HMF employing numerous heterogeneous catalytic systems.…”

Designing neoteric acidic deep eutectic solvents: an innovative, low-cost and environment-friendly strategy in the fast and facile production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…23,24 In continuation of our efforts toward the development of the green process to synthesize 5-HMF. [25][26][27] Herein, we utilized the unprecedented and novel type of acidic NADESs as both the catalyst and the solvent for the conversion of fructose to 5-HMF. NADES was used in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering Paper stoichiometric amounts.…”

Realizing Direct Conversion of Glucose to Furfurals with Tunable Selectivity Utilizing a Carbon Dot Catalyst with Dual Acids Controlled by a Biphasic Medium

“…From the recent studies, the renewable biomass resources can be utilized for its preparation, thereby establishing a value-addition to the biomass and feasibility for large-scale production of catalytic chemicals production. For the synthesis of HMF using glucose/fructose, the sulfonated other carbon-based materials, such as carbon spheres, dendrimer, g-CN, biochar, and propyl sulfonate-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites are reported to be prominent [46][47][48][49][50][51]. However, the conversion follows a two-step strategy and, regrettably, involves harsh chemicals.…”