Sulfide and sulfate determination in water samples by means of hydrogen sulfide generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract

When sulfur is measured in natural water samples by means of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), its emission intensity is mainly due to sulfate. Because of its low concentration, the sulfur emission coming from sulfide can be considered negligible. In the present work, it is shown that H2S generated by previous acidification of the sample enhances the sulfur signal emission as compared to the signal that is found when the water sample is analyzed in the absence of acid. The generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) takes place in a coil in which sulfide reacts with a hydrochloric acid solution. When this procedure is used, sulfur emission intensity is due to both sulfate and sulfide. The contribution of sulfide is obtained by subtracting the emission intensity measured straight from the water sample from that measured in the acidic mediumThe authors would like to thank the Spanish Education Ministry (Project Ref. PETRI95-0980-OP and Project Ref. CGL2004-05963-C04-03) and the Vice-Presidency for Research of the University of Alicante for the financial support for this work. M. Colon gratefully acknowledges a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Ref. BES-2005-6962)

Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets‐Induced Oxidation of Dopamine for Colorimetric Sensing of Hydrogen Sulfide

“…To date, electrochemistry, UV‐visible absorption spectrometry, fluorimetry, inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemiluminescence and chemiluminescence methods have been developed for the quantification of H 2 S . Specially, fluorescent methods have been widely reported due to their high sensitivity and low background signal.…”

Selective Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Based on Primary Amine-Active Ester Cross-Linking of Gold Nanoparticles

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Since fluorescence-based detection methods exhibit high sensitivity and low background, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis of organic fluorophore based H 2 S chemosensors. These organic probes generally recognize H 2 S through three major chemical reactions, including H 2 S involved nucleophilic addition, copper-sulfide precipitation and H 2 S mediated azide reduction.…”

The Mediatorless Electroanalytical Sensing of Sulfide Utilizing Unmodified Graphitic Electrode Materials

“…Voltammetric measurements were carried out using an EmStat [3] potentiostat and controlled by PS Trace 4.4 software (Houten, Netherlands). All the electrochemical measurements consisted of a three electrode system with a range of working electrodes: glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 3 mm diameter), edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE, 4.9 mm diameter), basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE, 4.9 mm diameter) or boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE, 3 mm diameter), a nickel wire counter and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) reference electrode to complete the circuit.…”

“…Current methods for the detection of sulfide usually rely upon colorimetric measurements (i.e., zinc trap/methylene blue test) or a visual color coded detection using a paper strip [1]. Although there are several methods reported within the literature for the analytical sensing of sulfide (within aqueous media) such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorescent and chemiluminescent techniques [2][3][4][5][6][7], electroanalytical techniques can provide potentially sensitive, portable and low cost alternatives [8][9][10][11][12][13]. There have been several reports upon the electroanalytical sensing of sulfide within aqueous media, however many involve multiple arduous and time-consuming fabrication steps and in the majority of these reports, electrocatalysts/mediators are employed for the electrochemical sensing of sulfide; Table 1 provides a thorough overview of literature.…”