Suggestibility With and Without “Induction of Hypnosis”

Weitzenhoffer, André M.; Sjoberg, Bernard M.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196103000-00002

Cited by 103 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Regarding the situational correlates, the data indicate that the hypnotic induction procedure typically increases suggestibility significantly; the gain is, however, smaller than it is generally believed (Hull, 1933;Weitzenhoffer and Sjöberg, 1961;Hilgard and Tart, 1966;Tart and Hilgard, 1966). Barber and Glass (1962) maintained that with motivational manipulations it is possible to reach the same amount of increase as with a hypnotic induction.…”

Section: Correlates Of Hypnotizabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

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Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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There is currently agreement that, in addition to the changes in external behaviour, suggestions presented in a hypnotic context may give rise to changes in subjective experience. Ye t, there is no general agreement about the theoretical framework within which these changes in experience should be explained. Though different theories about hypnosis overlap in many respects, there is still disagreement on whether reference to a specific internal state of the individual is necessary in order to explain these changes. We place the explanatory task in the context of a multilevel framework of explanation, which reveals that the disagreement between the 'state' and 'nonstate' view is about the level of description at which the phenomenon 'hypnosis' should be conceptualized. We propose a novel approach using the multilevel explanation which helps to formulate empirically testable hypotheses about the nature of hypnosis. We will outline the basic elements of such an approach and hope that our proposition will help hypnosis research to integrate with the multidisciplinary research on other phenomena of consciousness.

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Section: Correlates Of Hypnotizabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…response to suggestions after a hypnotic induction) is the responsiveness to suggestions without a hypnotic induction (see e.g. Weitzenhoffer and Sjöberg, 1961;Hilgard, 1965;Hilgard and Tart, 1966).…”

Section: Correlates Of Hypnotizabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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“…The conundrum centers on findings indicating that the induction of hypnosis has little impact on responsiveness to suggestion and that hypnotizability scales, therefore, probably measure the effects of suggestion, not the effects of hypnosis (cf. Barber & Glass, 1962;Braffman & Kirsch, 1999Caster & Baker, 1932;Glass & Barber, 1961;Weitzenhoffer & Sjoberg, 1961;Williams, 1930).…”

Section: Response To Torem Suggestion Undefined: On the Limitations Omentioning

confidence: 99%

From Dynamic Lesions to Brain Imaging of Behavioral Lesions: Alloying the Gold of Psychoanalysis with the Copper of Suggestion

Raz

Wolfson

2010

Neuropsychoanalysis

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Contemporary studies in the cognitive neuroscience of attention and suggestion shed new light on psychoanalytic concepts of yore. Findings from neuroimaging studies, for example, seem to revive the notion of dynamic lesions-focal brain changes undetectable by anatomical scrutiny. With technologies such as brain imaging and reversible brain lesion, some findings from modern biological psychiatry seem to converge with nineteenth-century psychiatry, reminiscent of the old masters. In particular, suggestion has been shown to modulate specific neural activity in the human brain. Here we show that "behavioral lesions"-the influence that words exert on focal brain activity-may constitute the twenty-first-century appellation of "dynamic lesions." While recent research results involving suggestion seem to partially support Freudian notions, correlating psychoanalysis with its brain substrates remains difficult. We elucidate the incipient role of cognitive neuroscience, including the relative merits and inherent limitations of imaging the living human brain, in explaining psychoanalytic concepts.

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“…The hypothesis that hallucinations and other exceptional phenomena can be elicited without a hypnotic trance state is precisely what nonstate theorists propose, and self-report data are consistent with that hypothesis. Subjects who have not been hypnotized report experi-Kirsch encing suggested hallucinations (Weitzenhoffer and Sjoberg, 1961;Barber and Glass, 1962;Hilgard and Tart, 1966;Braffman and Kirsch, 1999). If these subjects are not lying, one should be able to find corresponding increases in activation at the neural level, and these would suggest that a trance state is not a necessary causal factor.…”

Section: Assessing Responses To Suggested Hallucinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical resolution of the altered state debate

Kirsch

2005

Contemp. Hypnosis

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Kallio and Revonsuo (2003) correctly identify the central issue in the altered state debate as being whether trance state is needed to produce hypnotic experiences. Their suggested tests of that hypothesis are insufficient to answer that question. The data required for empirical resolution of the state debate are outlined here. In addition, the problems faced by state and nonstate theories are considered.

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Suggestibility With and Without “Induction of Hypnosis”

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

From Dynamic Lesions to Brain Imaging of Behavioral Lesions: Alloying the Gold of Psychoanalysis with the Copper of Suggestion

Empirical resolution of the altered state debate

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