Success Factors of Additive Manufactured Root Analogue Implants

Abstract

Dental implantation is an effective method for the treatment of loose teeth, but the threaded dental implants used in the clinic cannot match with the tooth extraction socket. A root analogue implant (RAI) has the congruence shape, which reduces the damage to bone and soft tissue. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have the advantages of high precision, flexibility, and easy operation, becoming the main manufacturing method of RAI in basic research. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize AM technologies used for RAI manufacturing as well as the factors affecting successful implantation. First, it introduces the AM technologies according to different operating principles and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then the influences of materials, structure design, surface characteristics, implant site, and positioning are discussed, providing reference for designers and dentists. Finally, it addresses the gap between basic research and clinical application for additive manufactured RAIs and discusses the current challenges and future research directions for this field.

Review on vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds

“…There is also an unmatched relationship between the degradation rates of single-component bioceramics and the growth rates of new bone tissues. 140 Therefore, material design and preparation of ceramic-based composite materials, including ceramics/ceramics, ceramics/metal, ceramic/polymers, or ceramics/metal/ polymers, are necessary to regulate the printing, debinding, and sintering performance, as well as mechanical and biological properties.…”

Comprehensive Review on Fabricating Bioactive Ceramic Bone Scaffold Using Vat Photopolymerization

“…SLA was the first AM technology, invented and patented by Hull in 1986. 18 As shown in Figure 4a, during vector scanning, a fine laser beam is guided by a scanning galvanometer and shines on the surface of the ceramic slurry. 68 The laser-tracked suspension undergoes a photopolymerization reaction and cures.…”

“…16,17 Additive manufacturing (AM) is a more flexible emerging manufacturing technology, with significant advantages in the ability to fabricate bone scaffolds with complex geometries and on-demand porous structure designs. 15,18 AM technologies include vat photo-polymerization (VP), fused deposition molding (FDM), direct ink writing (DIW), powder bed fusion (PBF), and powder bed inkjet 3D printing (P-3DP). 18−21 Among them, VP has an edge in terms of dimensional precision, surface quality, and the ability to print microscopic objects.…”

“…Traditional methods for the preparation of ceramic bone scaffolds include freeze-drying, gas foaming, solvent casting, and electrostatic spinning. , These techniques have low reproducibility and poor control over the geometry and interconnectivity of the pores. , Additive manufacturing (AM) is a more flexible emerging manufacturing technology, with significant advantages in the ability to fabricate bone scaffolds with complex geometries and on-demand porous structure designs. , AM technologies include vat photopolymerization (VP), fused deposition molding (FDM), direct ink writing (DIW), powder bed fusion (PBF), and powder bed inkjet 3D printing (P-3DP). − Among them, VP has an edge in terms of dimensional precision, surface quality, and the ability to print microscopic objects. The combination of VP and ceramic manufacturing process was first suggested by Griffith et al, and then, VP-printed ceramics were widely studied.…”