Substantive Fluoride Release from a New Fluoride Varnish Containing CXP

Fluoride release from fluoride varnish under in vitro and in vivo conditions

“…Shen and Autio-Gold noticed a lower percentage of fluoride release to artificial saliva from Duraphat in comparison to Duraflor ® and CavityShield ® varnishes but similar slowdown ions emission within 7 to 213 h. 6 Milburn et al examining fluoride release into artificial saliva from Duraphat varnish found that the mean cumulative fluoride release was 1.028 ±0.174 ppm, the rate of fluoride depletion over the first 4 h 0.126 ppm, and no detectable fluoride ions emission at three weeks. 8 In contrast to the data, our results displayed higher cumulative fluoride release within the first 2 h. Castillo and Milgrom, 7 and Jablonowski and Bartoloni 3 noticed sustained and gradual fluoride release from Duraphat varnish. Lippert observed that fluoride release from some fluoride varnishes varied considerably, and it was dependent on the pH of the dissolution medium.…”

“…21,22 Studies carried out under in vitro conditions presented rapid fluoride release to the medium from fluoride varnishes within the first hours and slower release thereafter, lasting up to 6 months. 3,[6][7][8] Our data confirmed the highest fluoride release to artificial saliva during the first 2 h independently on the medium pH. However, different brand varnishes despite the same concentration of fluoride (2.26% as sodium fluoride) can release differing amounts of fluoride ions.…”

“…The second fluoride varnish, introduced in the 1970s, was silane fluoride varnish Fluor Protector ® containing 1000 ppm F. 3 Duraphat has been the most commonly used fluoride varnish and has been subjected to many in vivo and in vitro studies. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It is indicated for both caries control and dentin hypersensitivity. 5,10 The Cochrane reviews on the use of fluoride therapies in caries prevention concluded that fluoride varnishes applied 2-4 times a year substantially reduces carious lesions in children by 37% in primary dentition and by 43% in permanent dentition.…”

Fluoride varnish containing chitosan demonstrated sustained fluoride release

“…Milburn et al 13) presented that the greatest rate of F − release from four commercial fluoride varnishes occurred in the first four hours and began to plateau after 8-12 h. Comar et al 40) analyzed the amount of F − released from NaF varnishes. The authors found that the highest amount of F − release was exhibited in the first 3 h and the release was decreased until 12 h. The F − release profile in our study was in the same as that of Milburn et al 13) but different from the finding by Comar et al 40) . Although in our study the FVN+80CS and FVN+60CS groups showed a high level of F − release after 1 h, they are unsuitable for application on a tooth surface due to their high viscosity.…”

“…There are many studies demonstrating that the professional application of fluoride varnish prevents dental caries [9][10][11][12] . The amount of fluoride released from a varnish typically decreases in a few hours and continues to decline for up to 24 h, while the cumulative fluoride ion release increases in the first hour up to 24 h 13) . However, the release of fluoride ions from dental material can be controlled or sustained by encapsulating or coating sodium fluoride particles with either natural polymers or synthetic polymers, such as gelatin 14,15) , ethylcellulose 15) , and polysiloxane 16) .…”