The enamel remineralization potential of fluoride varnishes containing arginine

Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed; Ekambaram, Manikandan; Lo, Edward Chin Man; Yiu, Cynthia Kar Yung

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103411

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The ability of conventional fluoride products, such as NaF varnish, to prevent erosive/abrasive processes has been described in the literature [ 34 , 35 ]. Regarding the presence of xylitol, it probably did not increase the protection capacity of the product against mineral losses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylitol Fluoride Varnish: In Vitro Effect Analysis on Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Numerous studies have shown the beneficial role of fluoride in the primary prevention of dental caries. The aim of the present study was to put into evidence the change in the enamel structure immediately after the application of a fluoride varnish. (2) Methods: A xylitol–fluoride varnish was evaluated. The enamel specimens (n = 10) were analyzed by atomic force microscopy on enamel surface and treatment with fluoride varnish applied. The dimensional topographic analysis was performed by 2D and 3D analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26.00 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A one-sample statistics test was used to identify significant differences (p < 0.05). (3) Results: Surface roughness (Ra) measurements ranged from Ra = 0.039 μm (±0.048), to Ra = 0.049 μm (±0.031), respectively (p < 0.05), with an increase in the surface roughness passing from the intact enamel to the enamel exposed to fluoride varnish. When comparing Ra values of the nonfluorinated enamel and fluorinated enamel, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found, suggesting that the varnish had a protective effect on the enamel surface. (4) Conclusions: Xylitol–fluoride varnish, even in one single short-time application, is effective in reducing the surface roughness of enamel structure exposed to abrasion, thus increasing resistance to dental caries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylitol Fluoride Varnish: In Vitro Effect Analysis on Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

et al. 2022

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“…Arginine deiminase enzyme prevents the inception of caries formation by acting on the pH of the surface biofilm. 72 Bioactive glass is well established to exhibit antimicrobial properties and has been used to treat microbial infections in various clinical applications. BG-45S5 has shown to inhibit both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, thus possessing broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.…”

Section: Bg Doped With Lithiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino acids, like arginine, have been established as a remineralizing agent as it has the ability to modulate the virulence of the oral biofilm without affecting the ecological balance of oral microflora. Arginine deiminase enzyme prevents the inception of caries formation by acting on the pH of the surface biofilm 72 …”

Section: Key Strategies For Enamel Remineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of bioglass in enamel remineralization: Existing strategies and future prospects—A narrative review

2021

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Enamel, once formed, loses the ability to regenerate due to the loss of the formative ameloblasts. It is subjected to constant damaging events due to exposure to external agents and oral microbiomes. An enamel remineralization process targets to replenish the lost ionic component of the enamel through a multitude of methods. Enamel remineralization is highly challenging as it has a complex organized hierarchical microstructure. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals of the enamel vary in size and orientation along alignment planes inside the enamel rod. The inability of the enamel to remodel unlike other mineralized tissues is another substantial deterrent. One of the wellknown biomaterials, bioglass (BG) induces apatite formation on the external surface of the enamel in the presence of saliva or other physiological fluids. Calcium, sodium, phosphate, and silicate ions in BG become responsive in the presence of body fluids, leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphate. Studies have also demonstrated the bactericidal potential of BG against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The anticariogenicity and antibacterial activity were found to be enhanced when BG was doped with inorganic ions such as F, Ag, Mg, Sr, and Zn. Due to the versatility of BG, it has been combined with a variety of agents such as chitosan, triclosan, and amelogenin to biomimic remineralization process. Key strategies that can aid in the development of contemporary enamel remineralization agents are also included in this review.

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“…The remineralisation potential, enamel F uptake, and antimicrobial effect of F in the presence of arg were explored by our previous studies [30][31][32][33][34]. Although studies have investigated the effect of arg on the biofilms and substrates (i.e., HA discs, enamel, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

et al. 2021

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This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.

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The enamel remineralization potential of fluoride varnishes containing arginine

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Xylitol Fluoride Varnish: In Vitro Effect Analysis on Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

Xylitol Fluoride Varnish: In Vitro Effect Analysis on Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

Role of bioglass in enamel remineralization: Existing strategies and future prospects—A narrative review

Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

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